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Respiratory - Semester I > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The diaphragm is separated by the ___ tendon

A

Central

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2
Q

What 2 accessory muscles do COPD patients use the most?

A

Sternocleidomastoid and Pectoralis major

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3
Q

What muscle groups increase the A-P diameter?

A

Sternocleidomastoid and Pectoralis major

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4
Q

What does A-P stand for?

A

Anteriorposterior

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5
Q

A flat diaphragm is associated with ___

A

COPD or Emphysema

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6
Q

1 cm of downward movement of the diaphragm will cause air movement of ____ ml.

A

350

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7
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve

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8
Q

What is the major muscle of ventilation?

A

Diaphragm

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9
Q

Expiration should be active or passive?

A

Passive

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10
Q

Why does the right hemi-diaphragm lie higher than the left?

A

Because of the liver

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11
Q

Intrapulmonary pressure on inspiration:

A

-3 cmH2O

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12
Q

Intrapulmonary pressure on expiration:

A

+3 cmH2O

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13
Q

Intrapleural pressure on inspiration:

A

-9 cmH2O

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14
Q

Intrapleural pressure on expiration:

A

-5 cmH2O

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15
Q

Expiration should be ___ times longer than inspiration

A

2

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16
Q

PEEP stands for ______.

A

Positive end expiratory pressure

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17
Q

Normal PEEP in our lungs is ___ cmH2O

A

+3

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18
Q

A tension pneumothorax will shift the trachea to the ____ side.

A

Unaffected

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19
Q

A spontaneous pneumothorax will shift the trachea to the ___ side.

A

Affected

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20
Q

How do you treat a pneumothorax

A

Place a chest tube and Oxygen

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21
Q

Compliance and elastane are ___ related

A

Inversely

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22
Q

A rubber band recoiling to its original shape is a property of ___

A

Elastance

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23
Q

To decrease resistance you have to ____ the size of the lumen

A

Increase

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24
Q

Define compliance:

A

The ease in which an object is distorted from its original shape

25
Q

Calculate Dynamic and Static compliance:
Peak Pressure = 45 cmH2O
Plateau Pressure = 38 cmH2O
PEEP = 7 cmH2O
Vt = 500 cc

A

Dynamic: 13.2 mL/cmH2O
Static: 16.1 mL/cmH2O

26
Q

FRC and compliance are ____ related

A

Directly

27
Q

List 2 types of patients that will have an increased compliance:

A

Patients with emphysema or alveolar distention

28
Q

List 2 types of patients that will have a decreased compliance:

A

Patients with pulmonary edema or ARDS

29
Q

An emphysema patient will have a/an ____ in compliance and a/an _____ in elastance

A

Increase; decrease

30
Q

Surfactant is dependent upon a periodic _____

A

Sigh ((8-10x per hour) and pulmonary perfusion)

31
Q

Pulmonary surfactant is produced by the ____ cells and consists of ____

A

Type II, phospholipids

32
Q

T/F Surfactant helps reduce surface in the alveoli

A

True

33
Q

Why do our alveolar units not collapse from surface tension

A

Because of surfactant

34
Q

What does RAW stand for?

A

Airway resistance

35
Q

What is the formula for RAW?

A

RAW = Peek-pleateau divided by flow times 60 =___ cmH2O/L/sec

36
Q

What is normal RAW?

A

1.6 cmH2O/L/Sec

37
Q

Gas exchange occurs by ____

A

Diffusion

38
Q

Define diffusion:

A

Movement of higher to lower concentration

39
Q

CO2 diffuses ___ times faster than O2

A

19

40
Q

Name 2 gas laws that affect gas exchange:

A

Henry’s Law, Graham’s Law

41
Q

The higher the partial pressure, the more it will dissolve

A

Henry’s Law

42
Q

The lower the density, the more diffusible the gas is

A

Graham’s Law

43
Q

Normal PAO2

A

100 torr

44
Q

Normal PACO2

A

40 torr

45
Q

Normal PvO2

A

40 torr

46
Q

Normal PvCO2

A

46 torr

47
Q

Normal PaO2

A

80-100 torr

48
Q

Normal PaCO2

A

35-45 torr

49
Q

Normal Reynold’s number

A

Turbulent flow >2000
Laminar flow <2000

50
Q

Normal PEEP

A

+3 cmH2O

51
Q

Normal Cardiac Output

A

4-8 Lpm

52
Q

The only vein that carries oxygenated blood is the _____

A

Pulmonary vein

53
Q

The only artery that carries deoxygenated blood is the ____

A

Pulmonary artery

54
Q

Define myocardial infarction:

A

Tissue death to the myocardium (Death of heart tissue)

55
Q

Define myocardial ischemia:

A

Tissue damage to the myocardium (Injury to heart tissue)

56
Q

Calculate cardiac output:
VO2 = 250 ml/min
CaO2 = 10 vol%
CvO2 = 8 vol%

A

12.5 Lpm

57
Q

The largest artery in the body:

A

Aorta

58
Q

Another name for the mitral vale:

A

Bicuspid valve

59
Q

Trace blood flow through the heart and lungs; include pressures and where gas exchange occurs:

A

Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Coronary sinus
RA-5 torr
Tricuspid valve
RV-25 torr
Pulmonic valve
Pulmonary Arteries - 25/10 torr
Lungs
Arteriole
Capillary - pulmonary Gas exchange
Blood receives oxygen, and gives off CO2 into the alveoli
Venule
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium - 8- 12 torr
Bicuspid/Mitral valve
Left ventricle - 120 - 140 torr
(Semilunar) Aortic valve
Aorta to the systemic circulation
Arteriole
Capillary
Systemic gas exchange
Venule
Smaller vein
Vein
Back to the heart

Respiratory - Semester I (13 decks)

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