Unit 3 Flashcards
3 Parts of the Sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid Process
What is the correct number of group for true ribs?
1-7
What is the correct number of group for false ribs?
8-10
What is the correct number of group for floating ribs?
11-12
Sol layer
Bottom fluid layer housing the cilia
Gel layer
A viscous top layer overlaying the cilia
The mediastinum contains:
Heart, great vessels, esophagus, trachea
Functions of the airways
Conduct air
Filter foreign material greater than 5 microns
Warm and humidify inspired gases
Phonation and olfactory
Mucocililar escalator
Cilia moves mucus via a wave toward the trachea where it can be swallowed or coughed out
The mucociliar escalator moves at a rate of ____ cm/min
2
Primary cells responsible for the production of mucous
Goblet cells
The nose can filter out particles > than ____ microns
5
Calculate RAW: peak pressure=25 cmH2O, PEEP=12 cmH2O, plateau pressure=22 cmH2O, and flow=65 LPM
2.8cmH2O/L/Sec
What is the normal RAW?
1.6 cmH2O/L/Sec
What is the range of RAW
0.6-2.4 cmH2O/L/Sec
What is the purpose of the sinuses?
Lighten the skull and voice resonance
Another name for laryngopharynx
Hypopharynx
Where are the Eustachian tubes located and what is their purpose?
Location: Nasopharynx
Purpose: Communicate with tympanic cavity or middle ear (allow equilibrium pressure for the eardrum with environmental pressure changes)
Opening to the larynx
Glottis
Covers the glottis opening during swallowing
Epiglottis
“Adams Apple”
Thyroid cartilage
Landmark for intubation (space between the tongue and epiglottis)
Vallecula
Smallest opening in the adult airway
Glottis
Smallest opening in neonatal airway
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottitis should be treated with
Intubation
A patient with croup would demonstrate what type of breath sounds?
Stridor
In order to facilitate your co-worker in the viewing of the glottis during intubation, you could ____
Apply cricoid pressure
An emergency airway may be performed at what ligament?
Cricothyroid ligament
This emergency airway is called
Cricoidotomy
Being very specific, where is the tracheostomy performed?
1-3 cm below the cricoid cartilage
What lies posterior to the trachea?
Esophagus
The trachea is ____ cm in length
10-13
The trachea has ____ C-shaped rings
16-20
The trachea is about ____cm in diameter
2-2.5
The trachea is line with ____ ____ ____ epithelium
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
The trachea is also lined with ____ muscle allowing for changes in diameter with inspiration and expiration.
Smooth
The trachea is also called the ____
Windpipe
T/F All tracheal rings are complete circles
False
The carina bifurcates into the ____ and ___ mainstem bronchi
Right, Left
The point at which the trachea branches into two mainstem bronchi is called the ____
Carina
The left main stem bronchus branches off the trachea an angle of _____ degrees
40-60
The right main stem bronchus branches off the trachea at an angle of ____ degrees
20-30
If you were to aspirate a coin, which lung would it enter?Why?
Right, because there is less of an angle and the opening is wider
The right lung has ___ lobar bronchi
3
The left lung has ___ lobar bronchi
2
There are ___ segmental bronchi in the right lung
10
There are ___ segmental bronchi in the left lung
8
Surfactant ___ surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse and is secreted by the ____ cells. If there is a reduction in surfactant, atelectasis will occur.
Reduces, Type II
We have _____ million alveoli
300-600
What is the thickness of the A-C membrane
0.5 microns
What are three types of cells that comprise the alveolar epithelium
Type I cell
Type II cell
Type III cell
What are the openings in the intraalveolar septa called that are responsible for collateral ventilation
Pores of Kohn
Another name for Type II or Type B cells is ____
Granular pneumocytes
Another name for Type I cells or Type A cells is _____
Squamous pneumocytes
What is the function of the lower airway?
Ventilation and Repsiration
The lung and each of its lobes are encased in ___ pleura
Visceral
The ____ pleura lines the thoracic cavity
Parietal
The potential space between the two layers of the pleura that contains fluid is termed the _____. And why is there fluid between the two layers?
Intrapleural space; It allows the 2 pleura to slide over each other with reduced frictional resistance.
The lungs weigh ___ grams
800-1000
The ___ lung lies higher in the thorax to accommodate the ___
Right, liver
which fissure isolates the RLL from the RML and RUL
Oblique Fissure
Which fissure isolates the RUL and RML
Horizontal Fissure
Which fissure isolates the LUL from the LLL
Oblique Fissure
