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AP Human Geography > unit 4 > Flashcards

unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Administer

A

phase of boundary creation. to determine how the boundary will be maintained and how goods and people will cross the boundary

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2
Q

Antecedent Boundaries

A

Antecedent boundaries are drawn before the cultural landscape emerged and before a large population was present, like the border between the US and Canada

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3
Q

Apartheid

A

Apartheid: a legal system that was the physical separation of different races into. different geographic areas.

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4
Q

Autonomous

A

having the freedom to govern itself or control its own affairs.

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5
Q

Autonomous Region

A

an area of a country that has degree of autonomy , or has freedom from an external authority.

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6
Q

Balance of Power

A

Balance of power. condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries. Boundary.

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7
Q

Balkanization

A

The fragmentation of a region into smaller, often hostile, political units.

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8
Q

Barrio

A

a Spanish-speaking neighborhood in a town or city. chain migration. Migration of people to a specific location

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9
Q

Berlin Conference

A

Berlin Conference. The Berlin Conference of 1884-85 regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany’s sudden emergence as an imperial power.

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10
Q

Blockbusting

A

Blockbusting: A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low price

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11
Q

Border

A

A border is a physical or political line that separates geographic areas.

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12
Q

Capitol City

A

A capital is a city where a region’s government is located

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13
Q

Centrifugal Force

A

Centrifugal forces, in contrast to centripetal forces, are forces or attitudes that tend to divide a state

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14
Q

Centripetal Force

A

We know that centripetal force is an attitude that unifies people and enhances support for a state.

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15
Q

Choke Point

A

A CHOKE POINT IS ANY narrow passage that restricts traffic.

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16
Q

City-State

A

an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs.

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17
Q

Colonialism

A

Explanation: Colonialism refers to the process by which one nation exercises near complete control over another country which they have settled and taken over.

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18
Q

Colony

A

Colony. A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent.

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19
Q

Compact State

A

Compact state (definition and examples) A state that posses a roughly circular shape from which the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions.

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20
Q

Compact State

A

Compact state (definition and examples) A state that posses a roughly circular shape from which the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions.

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21
Q

Concurrent

A

existing, happening, or done at the same time.

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22
Q

Consequent Boundaries

A

Consequent Boundary. A boundary line that coincides with some cultural divide, such as religion or language.

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23
Q

Defining

A

state or describe exactly the nature, scope, or meaning of.

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24
Q

Delimit

A

The written legal description (in a treaty - like document) of a boundary between two countries or territories.

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25
Q

Demarcated

A

Demarcation Boundary Process. Phase in which the boundary is visibly marked on the landscape by a fence, line, sign, wall or other means. Boundary Type.

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26
Q

Democratization

A

Democratization. the action of making something democratic. Devolution. the delegation of authority (especially from a central to a regional government)

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27
Q

Devolution

A

The movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state or breakup of a large state (balkanization) into several independent ones is known as devolution.

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28
Q

Economics of Scale

A

Economies of scale are the reduction in the per unit cost of production as the volume of production increases

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29
Q

Electoral College

A

(in the US) a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president.

30
Q

Elongated State

A

Elongated state. A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape. Prorupted state. a state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main territory.

31
Q

Enclave

A

Exclave/Enclave-A enclave is a country or part of a country mostly surrounded by the territory of another country

32
Q

Ethnic Cleansing

A

a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the …

33
Q

Ethnic Nationalism

A

Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethno-nationalism, is a form of nationalism wherein the nation is defined in terms of ethnicity.

34
Q

Ethnic Separatism

A

Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group.

35
Q

Ethnicity

A

Ethnicity. Definition: Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions.

36
Q

Ethnonationalism

A

Ethnonationalism. a form of nationalism in which the “nation” is defined in terms of ethnicity. Genocide. systematic killing of a racial or cultural group.

37
Q

European Union

A

European Union. Purpose: It’s a union of some European countries that is based to promote development within the member states through economic cooperation.

38
Q

Exclave

A

an exclave is one which is geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory.

39
Q

Exclusive Economic Zone

A

An Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a sea zone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources.

40
Q

Federal State

A

Federal states. A country where governmental authority is shared among a central government and various other smaller, regional authorities.

41
Q

Fragmented State

A

Fragmented state. A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory.

42
Q

Frontier

A

Frontier. A zone separating two states in which neither of the states exercises political control (e.g. Antarctica) Geometric Political Boundaries.

43
Q

Genocide

A

Genocide. systematic killing of a racial or cultural group.

44
Q

Geometric Boundaries

A

Geometric boundary: A boundary created by using lines of latitude and longitude and their associated arcs.

45
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Explanation: Gerrymandering refers to the process wherein political officials redraw electoral districts to favor a certain political party, ethnic group, coalition, or social class.

46
Q

Ghetto

A

Ghetto. During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews

47
Q

Imperialism

A

Imperialism involves a dominant influence by a particular authority through cultural, economic, and political practices, which facilitate the creation of hegemonic geographic powers.

48
Q

Nation-State

A

A nation-state is a country whose political boundaries correspond with its cultural boundaries

49
Q

Neocolonialism

A

Neocolonialism definition, the policy of a strong nation in seeking political and economic hegemony over an independent nation or extended geographical area without necessarily reducing the subordinate nation or area to the legal status of a colony.

50
Q

Part Nation State

A

A State whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality.

51
Q

Perforated State

A

Explanation: A perforated state is a state that completely surrounds another state

52
Q

Political Geography

A

: a branch of geography that deals with human governments, the boundaries and subdivisions of political units (as nations or states), and the situations of cities — compare geopolitics.

53
Q

Prorupted State

A

Prorupted state. a state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main territory.

54
Q

Race

A

Race is defined as “a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits.”

55
Q

Racism

A

Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to physical appearance and can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another.

56
Q

Reapportionment

A

Reapportionment. The process and outcome of a reallocation of electoral seats to defined territories, such as congressional seats to states of the United States. Regionalism

57
Q

Redistricting

A

Redistricting. The drawing of a new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes. Relic Boundaries.

58
Q

Relics

A

Relic Boundary. A boundary no longer observed but that still affects the present-day area

59
Q

Self-determination

A

Self-determination, the process by which a group of people, usually possessing a certain degree of national consciousness, form their own state and choose their own government.

60
Q

Semi-autonomous

A

What is a semi-autonomous region? area where a group has some type of political autonomy.

61
Q

Shatter belts

A

Shatter belt is a concept in geopolitics according to which on the political map are recognized and analyzed strategically positioned and oriented regions that are deeply internally divided and encompassed in the competition between the great powers in the geostrategic areas and spheres.

62
Q

Sovereignty

A

sovereignty. a principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rulers of independent states. state.

63
Q

Soviet Union

A

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a socialist state that spanned Europe and Asia during its existence from 1922 to 1991

64
Q

State

A

State: A politically bound area controlled by an established government that has authority over its internal affairs and foreign policy.

65
Q

Stateless Nation

A

Stateless nation: A nation of people without a state that it considers home (e.g., Kurds, Basques, Palestinians, the Hmong)

66
Q

Subsequent Boundaries

A

Subsequent Boundary. A boundary that is established after the settlement in that area occurred.

67
Q

Superimposed

A

superimposed boundary. a political boundary placed by powerful outsiders on a developed human landscape

68
Q

Supranational Organization

A

Supranational Organization. Organization of three or more states to promote shared objectives.

69
Q

Territoriality

A

Territoriality is a means of affecting (enhancing or impeding) interaction and extends. the particulars of action by contact

70
Q

Terrorism

A

Terrorism. Use of violence to create a fear in a population to achieve a political goal

71
Q

Unitary State

A

A unitary state, as opposed to a federal state like the United States, is a state where laws are administered uniformly by one central government.

72
Q

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

A

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorized territorial waters to extend 12 nautical miles from shore and a country’s EEZ (exclusive economic zone) to extend 200 nautical miles.

AP Human Geography (7 decks)

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