unit 4 Flashcards
Administer
phase of boundary creation. to determine how the boundary will be maintained and how goods and people will cross the boundary
Antecedent Boundaries
Antecedent boundaries are drawn before the cultural landscape emerged and before a large population was present, like the border between the US and Canada
Apartheid
Apartheid: a legal system that was the physical separation of different races into. different geographic areas.
Autonomous
having the freedom to govern itself or control its own affairs.
Autonomous Region
an area of a country that has degree of autonomy , or has freedom from an external authority.
Balance of Power
Balance of power. condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries. Boundary.
Balkanization
The fragmentation of a region into smaller, often hostile, political units.
Barrio
a Spanish-speaking neighborhood in a town or city. chain migration. Migration of people to a specific location
Berlin Conference
Berlin Conference. The Berlin Conference of 1884-85 regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany’s sudden emergence as an imperial power.
Blockbusting
Blockbusting: A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low price
Border
A border is a physical or political line that separates geographic areas.
Capitol City
A capital is a city where a region’s government is located
Centrifugal Force
Centrifugal forces, in contrast to centripetal forces, are forces or attitudes that tend to divide a state
Centripetal Force
We know that centripetal force is an attitude that unifies people and enhances support for a state.
Choke Point
A CHOKE POINT IS ANY narrow passage that restricts traffic.
City-State
an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs.
Colonialism
Explanation: Colonialism refers to the process by which one nation exercises near complete control over another country which they have settled and taken over.
Colony
Colony. A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent.
Compact State
Compact state (definition and examples) A state that posses a roughly circular shape from which the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions.
Compact State
Compact state (definition and examples) A state that posses a roughly circular shape from which the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions.
Concurrent
existing, happening, or done at the same time.
Consequent Boundaries
Consequent Boundary. A boundary line that coincides with some cultural divide, such as religion or language.
Defining
state or describe exactly the nature, scope, or meaning of.
Delimit
The written legal description (in a treaty - like document) of a boundary between two countries or territories.
Demarcated
Demarcation Boundary Process. Phase in which the boundary is visibly marked on the landscape by a fence, line, sign, wall or other means. Boundary Type.
Democratization
Democratization. the action of making something democratic. Devolution. the delegation of authority (especially from a central to a regional government)
Devolution
The movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state or breakup of a large state (balkanization) into several independent ones is known as devolution.
Economics of Scale
Economies of scale are the reduction in the per unit cost of production as the volume of production increases
Electoral College
(in the US) a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president.
Elongated State
Elongated state. A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape. Prorupted state. a state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main territory.
Enclave
Exclave/Enclave-A enclave is a country or part of a country mostly surrounded by the territory of another country
Ethnic Cleansing
a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the …
Ethnic Nationalism
Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethno-nationalism, is a form of nationalism wherein the nation is defined in terms of ethnicity.
Ethnic Separatism
Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group.
Ethnicity
Ethnicity. Definition: Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions.
Ethnonationalism
Ethnonationalism. a form of nationalism in which the “nation” is defined in terms of ethnicity. Genocide. systematic killing of a racial or cultural group.
European Union
European Union. Purpose: It’s a union of some European countries that is based to promote development within the member states through economic cooperation.
Exclave
an exclave is one which is geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory.
Exclusive Economic Zone
An Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a sea zone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources.
Federal State
Federal states. A country where governmental authority is shared among a central government and various other smaller, regional authorities.
Fragmented State
Fragmented state. A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory.
Frontier
Frontier. A zone separating two states in which neither of the states exercises political control (e.g. Antarctica) Geometric Political Boundaries.
Genocide
Genocide. systematic killing of a racial or cultural group.
Geometric Boundaries
Geometric boundary: A boundary created by using lines of latitude and longitude and their associated arcs.
Gerrymandering
Explanation: Gerrymandering refers to the process wherein political officials redraw electoral districts to favor a certain political party, ethnic group, coalition, or social class.
Ghetto
Ghetto. During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews
Imperialism
Imperialism involves a dominant influence by a particular authority through cultural, economic, and political practices, which facilitate the creation of hegemonic geographic powers.
Nation-State
A nation-state is a country whose political boundaries correspond with its cultural boundaries
Neocolonialism
Neocolonialism definition, the policy of a strong nation in seeking political and economic hegemony over an independent nation or extended geographical area without necessarily reducing the subordinate nation or area to the legal status of a colony.
Part Nation State
A State whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality.
Perforated State
Explanation: A perforated state is a state that completely surrounds another state
Political Geography
: a branch of geography that deals with human governments, the boundaries and subdivisions of political units (as nations or states), and the situations of cities — compare geopolitics.
Prorupted State
Prorupted state. a state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main territory.
Race
Race is defined as “a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits.”
Racism
Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to physical appearance and can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another.
Reapportionment
Reapportionment. The process and outcome of a reallocation of electoral seats to defined territories, such as congressional seats to states of the United States. Regionalism
Redistricting
Redistricting. The drawing of a new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes. Relic Boundaries.
Relics
Relic Boundary. A boundary no longer observed but that still affects the present-day area
Self-determination
Self-determination, the process by which a group of people, usually possessing a certain degree of national consciousness, form their own state and choose their own government.
Semi-autonomous
What is a semi-autonomous region? area where a group has some type of political autonomy.
Shatter belts
Shatter belt is a concept in geopolitics according to which on the political map are recognized and analyzed strategically positioned and oriented regions that are deeply internally divided and encompassed in the competition between the great powers in the geostrategic areas and spheres.
Sovereignty
sovereignty. a principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rulers of independent states. state.
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a socialist state that spanned Europe and Asia during its existence from 1922 to 1991
State
State: A politically bound area controlled by an established government that has authority over its internal affairs and foreign policy.
Stateless Nation
Stateless nation: A nation of people without a state that it considers home (e.g., Kurds, Basques, Palestinians, the Hmong)
Subsequent Boundaries
Subsequent Boundary. A boundary that is established after the settlement in that area occurred.
Superimposed
superimposed boundary. a political boundary placed by powerful outsiders on a developed human landscape
Supranational Organization
Supranational Organization. Organization of three or more states to promote shared objectives.
Territoriality
Territoriality is a means of affecting (enhancing or impeding) interaction and extends. the particulars of action by contact
Terrorism
Terrorism. Use of violence to create a fear in a population to achieve a political goal
Unitary State
A unitary state, as opposed to a federal state like the United States, is a state where laws are administered uniformly by one central government.
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorized territorial waters to extend 12 nautical miles from shore and a country’s EEZ (exclusive economic zone) to extend 200 nautical miles.
