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AP Human Geography > unit 1 vocab > Flashcards

unit 1 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Absolute Direction

A

Absolute directions are relative to a fixed frame of reference and always point in the same direction, regardless of their location.

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2
Q

Absolute Distance

A

Exact measurement of the physical space between two places

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3
Q

Absolute Location

A

A place’s absolute location is its exact place on Earth, often given in terms of latitude and longitude.

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4
Q

Cartographers

A

a person who draws or produces maps.

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5
Q

Choropleth Maps

A

a map that uses differences in shading, coloring, or the placing of symbols within predefined areas to indicate the average values of a property or quantity in those areas.

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6
Q

Census

A

an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals.

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7
Q

Contagious Diffusion

A

Contagious diffusion is the process of an idea being spread rapidly throughout the population

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8
Q

Core

A

the central or most important part of something.

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9
Q

Culture

A

the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group.

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10
Q

Cultural Ecology

A

Cultural ecology is the study of the adaptation of a cul- ture to a specific environment and how changes in that environment lead to changes in that specific culture

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11
Q

Cultural Landscape Approach

A

Cultural landscape is a term used in the fields of geography, ecology, and heritage studies, to describe a symbiosis of human activity and environment.

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12
Q

Density

A

Density, mass of a unit volume of a material substance

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13
Q

Diffusion

A

Diffusion, process resulting from random motion of molecules by which there is a net flow of matter from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

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14
Q

Distance Decay

A

Distance decay is a geographical term which describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions.

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15
Q

Distributed

A

shared or spread out.

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16
Q

Dot Distribution Maps

A

A dot distribution map is a type of thematic map that uses a point symbol to visualize the geographic distribution of a large number of related phenomena.

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17
Q

Ecological Perspective

A

a concept of community psychology in which a community (or any other social entity) is viewed in terms of the interrelations among people, roles, organizations, local events, resources, and problems.

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18
Q

Environmental Determinism

A

Environmental determinism argues that both general features and regional variations of human cultures and societies are determined by the physical and biological forms that make up the earth’s many natural landscapes.

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19
Q

Equal Area Projection

A

An equal area projection is a map projection that shows regions that are the same size on the Earth the same size on the map but may distort the shape, angle, and/or scale.

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20
Q

Expansion Diffusion

A

Expansion diffusion is when innovations spread to new places while staying strong in their original locations.

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21
Q

Flow

A

the action or fact of moving along in a steady, continuous stream.

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22
Q

Formal region

A

An area defined by one predominant or universal characteristic throughout its entire area

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23
Q

Friction of Distance

A

Friction of distance is a core principle of Geography that states that movement incurs some form of cost, in the form of physical effort, energy, time, and/or the expenditure of other resources, and that these costs are proportional to the distance traveled

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24
Q

Functional Region

A

A functional region is a territorial unit resulting from the organisation of social and. economic relations in that its boundaries do not reflect geographical particularities.

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25
Q

Geography

A

the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries.

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26
Q

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A

A geographic information system is a conceptualized framework that provides the ability to capture and analyse spatial and geographic data.

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27
Q

Geographic Information Science

A

Geographic information science or geographical information science is the scientific discipline that studies the techniques to capture, represent, process, and analyze geographic information

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28
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

is a space-based radio-navigation system consisting of a constellation of satellites broadcasting navigation signals and a network of ground stations and satellite control stations used for monitoring and control

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29
Q

Globalization

A

Globalization is a term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place.

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30
Q

Gravity Model

A

The gravity model of international trade in international economics is a model that, in its traditional form, predicts bilateral trade flows based on the economic sizes and distance between two units.

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31
Q

Greenwich Mean Time

A

Greenwich Mean Time is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London.

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32
Q

Hearth

A

The region from which innovative ideas originate. This relates to the important concept of the spreading of ideas from one area to another

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33
Q

Equator

A

The Equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the Earth

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34
Q

Hierarchical Diffusion

A

spread of an idea from persons of authority or power to other persons.

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35
Q

Human Geography

A

the branch of geography dealing with how human activity affects or is influenced by the earth’s surface.

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36
Q

International Date Line

A

The date line, also called the International Date Line, is a boundary from which each calendar day starts.

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37
Q

Isoline Maps

A

An isoline map is a way of presenting numerical data cartographically, helping readers to recognize geographical patterns and relationships.

38
Q

Location

A

an actual place or natural setting in which a film or broadcast is made, as distinct from a simulation in a studio.

39
Q

Locator Maps

A

A locator map, sometimes referred to simply as a locator, is typically a simple map used in cartography to show the location of a particular geographic area within its larger and presumably more familiar context.

40
Q

Map

A

a diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities, roads, etc.

41
Q

Map Scale

A

The scale of a map is the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground.

42
Q

Mashup

A

A mashup is a creative work, usually in a form of a song, created by blending two or more pre-recorded songs, typically by superimposing the vocal track of one song seamlessly over the instrumental track of another, changing the tempo and key where necessary.

43
Q

Mental Maps

A

Mental maps are a mix of objective knowledge and subjective perceptions:

44
Q

Meridian

A

a circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on the earth’s surface and the terrestrial poles.

45
Q

Mercator Projection

A

Mercator projection, type of map projection introduced in 1569 by Gerardus Mercator

46
Q

Model

A

A model is an informative representation of an object, person or system.

47
Q

Node

A

a point at which lines or pathways intersect or branch; a central or connecting point.

48
Q

Parallel

A

A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to meridians and helps to define a time zone along with a meridian

49
Q

Pattern

A

A pattern is a regularity in the world, in human-made design, or in abstract ideas

50
Q

Perceptual Region

A

Area defined by people’s feelings and attitudes

51
Q

Periphery

A

the outer limits or edge of an area or object.

52
Q

Physical Geography

A

Physical geography is the study of the processes that shape the Earth’s surface, the animals and plants that inhabit it, and the spatial patterns they exhibit.

53
Q

Physical Maps

A

A map of the locations of identifiable landmarks on chromosomes

54
Q

Place

A

a particular position or point in space.

55
Q

Possibilism

A

Possibilism in cultural geography is the theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions.

56
Q

Political Maps

A

“Political maps” are among the most widely used reference maps

57
Q

Prime Meridian

A

A prime meridian is the meridian in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°.

58
Q

Projection

A

Projection is the process of displacing one’s feelings onto a different person, animal, or object.

59
Q

Proportional Symbol/Graduated

A

While proportional symbol maps scale symbols with absolute magnitude, graduated symbol maps divide quantities into classes

60
Q

Symbol Maps

A

A map symbol is a graphical device used to visually represent a real-world feature on a map, working in the same fashion as other forms of symbols.

61
Q

Qualitative

A

relating to, measuring, or measured by the quality of something rather than its quantity.

62
Q

Quantitative

A

relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality.

63
Q

Reference Maps

A

A reference map shows the location of the geographic areas for which census data are tabulated and disseminated.

64
Q

Region

A

an area or division, especially part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries.

65
Q

Relative Direction

A

Relative Direction- Left, right, forward, backward, up, down, directions based on peoples surroundings and perception.

66
Q

Relative Distance

A

A relative distance is the approximate measurement of the physical space between two places.

67
Q

Relative Distance

A

Relative distance is a measure of the social, cultural and economic relatedness or connectivity between two places

68
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

Relocation diffusion: The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another.

69
Q

Remote Sensing

A

Remote sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance (typically from satellite or aircraft).

70
Q

Robinson Projection

A

a compromise map projection showing the poles as lines rather than points and more accurately portraying high latitude lands and water to land ratio.

71
Q

Scale

A

Map scale refers to the relationship (or ratio) between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground

72
Q

Semi-periphery

A

the industrializing, mostly capitalist countries which are positioned between the periphery and core countries

73
Q

Situation

A

a set of circumstances in which one finds oneself; a state of affairs.

74
Q

Site

A

an area of ground on which a town, building, or monument is constructed.

75
Q

Space

A

a continuous area or expanse which is free, available, or unoccupied.

76
Q

Spatial Analysis

A

Spatial analysis or spatial statistics includes any of the formal techniques which studies entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties

77
Q

Spatial Perspective

A

A historical perspective focuses on the temporal dimension of human experience (time and chronology), while geography is concerned with the spatial dimension of human experience (space and place).

78
Q

Stimulus Diffusion

A

diffusion in which one people receives a culture element from another but gives it a new and unique form.

79
Q

Suburbs

A

an outlying district of a city, especially a residential one.

80
Q

Sustainability

A

What Is Sustainability? Sustainability focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

81
Q

Sustainable Development

A

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

82
Q

Thematic Maps

A

A thematic map is also called a special-purpose, single-topic, or statistical map.

83
Q

Theory

A

a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.

84
Q

Time-Space Compression

A

Time–space compression, articulated in 1989 by geographer David Harvey in The Condition of Postmodernity

85
Q

Time Zones

A

an area or stretch of land having a particular characteristic, purpose, or use, or subject to particular restrictions.

86
Q

Tobler’s First Law

A

The First Law of Geography, according to Waldo Tobler, is “everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.”

87
Q

Topography

A

the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.

88
Q

Toponym

A

a place name, especially one derived from a topographical feature.

89
Q

Transportation Maps

A

A transit map is a topological map in the form of a schematic diagram used to illustrate the routes and stations within a public transport system—whether this be bus, tram, rapid transit, commuter rail or ferry routes.

90
Q

Uneven Development

A

it means, quite simply, that the development of the economy is uneven.

91
Q

Vernacular Region

A

is a distinctive area where the inhabitants collectively consider themselves interconnected by a shared history, mutual interests, and a common identity

92
Q

World System Theory

A

World-systems theory is a multidisciplinary approach to world history and social change which emphasizes the world-system as the primary unit of social analysis.

AP Human Geography (7 decks)

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