Unit 3.2 Teaching Strategies Flashcards
also known as instructional strategies, are the overall plan for a teaching-learning experience that involves the use of one or several methods of instruction to achieve the desired learning outcomes
(Rothwell & Kazanas, 2008).
Teaching Strategy
a generalized plan for a lesson which includes structure, instructional objectives and an outline of planned tactics, necessary to implement the strategies (Stone & Morris, cited in Issac, 20
Teaching Strategy
Instructional strategies can:
❑motivate students and help them focus attention
❑organize information for understanding and remembering
❑monitor and assess learning
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
- Direct Instruction
- Indirect Instruction
- Interactive Instruction
- Experiential Learning
- Independent Study
highly teacher-directed
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Direct Instruction
most commonly used
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Direct Instruction
effective for providing information or developing step-by-step skills deductive
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Direct Instruction
includes methods such as:
Lecture
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Direct Instruction
includes methods such as:
didactic questioning
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Direct Instruction
includes methods such as:
explicit teaching
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Direct Instruction
includes methods such as:
practice and drill
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Direct Instruction
includes methods such as:
demonstrations
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Direct Instruction
learner-driven
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Indirect Instruction
includes a high level of learner involvement in observing,
investigating, drawing inferences or forming hypotheses
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Indirect Instruction
takes advantage of learners’ interests and curiosity and encourages learners to generate alternatives or solve problems
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Indirect Instruction
includes methods such as:
problem-solving
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Indirect Instruction
includes methods such as:
case studies
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Indirect Instruction
includes methods such as:
close activities
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Indirect Instruction
includes methods such as:
reading for meaning
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Indirect Instruction
includes methods such as:
reflective discussion
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Indirect Instruction
includes methods such as:
concept mapping
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Indirect Instruction
relies heavily on discussion and sharing
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Interactive Instruction
helps develop social skills and the ability to organize thoughts and develop rational arguments
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Interactive Instruction
requires observation, listening, interpersonal and intervention skills
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Interactive Instruction
includes methods such as:
debates
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Interactive Instruction
includes methods such as:
role-playing
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Interactive Instruction
includes methods such as:
simulations
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Interactive Instruction
includes methods such as:
peer learning
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Interactive Instruction
includes methods such as:
brainstorming
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Interactive Instruction
includes methods such as:
discussion
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Interactive Instruction
includes methods such as:
cooperative learning
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Interactive Instruction
learner-focused and activity-oriented
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Experiential Learning
requires learners to reflect about the experience and ways to apply it to other contexts
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Experiential Learning
emphasizes the learning process
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Experiential Learning
Five phases of Experiential Learning
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
- experiencing
- sharing or publishing
- analyzing or processing
- inferring or generalizing
- applying
learners studying on their own under the guidance or supervision of an
instructor
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Independent Study
learning in peer partnership or as part of a small group
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Independent Study
students need to acquire life-long learning capability
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Independent Study
includes methods such as:
essay research and writing
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Independent Study
includes methods such as:
computer-assisted instruction
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Independent Study
includes methods such as:
journals
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Independent Study
includes methods such as:
packaged learning materials
Five Categories of Instructional Strategies
Independent Study
a highly structured method by which the educator verbally transmits information directly to a group of learners for the purpose of instruction
Direct Instruction
Lecture
the oldest and most often used
approaches to teaching
Direct Instruction
Lecture
Purposes of Lecture:
Direct Instruction
- Develop the act of listening
- Effective way of presenting new topic
- Develop creative thinking and reasoning
- Stimulates learner’s interest
- Serve as a supplement of the textbook, classroom discussion, and student report
- Helps to integrate and synthesize a vast body of knowledge
Advantages of Lecture Method
Direct Instruction
- Economical
- Current information
- Summary or synthesis of information
- Active listening and note-taking skills
- Inspires learners
Disadvantages of Lecture Method
Direct Instruction
- Passive learner
- Attention levels of students
- Students do not learn at the same pace
- Learning by listening
- Focuses on teaching of facts
Types of Lecture
Direct Instruction
- FORMAL METHOD
- INFORMAL METHOD
Guiding Principles in Giving Effective Lecture
Direct Instruction
- carefully planned
- with proper motivation
- outline of the materials should be provided
- logical presentation should be used (for narration and description)
- simple language
- with instructional devices or AVs
- Provides synopsis
- Students’ feedback
Parts of a Lecture:
Direct Instruction
❑Introduction
❑The Body of the Lecture
❑Conclusion
Parts of a Lecture
Establish a relationship with the audience.
Direct Instruction
Introduction
Parts of a Lecture
Provide a brief general overview of the lecture’s content
Direct Instruction
Introduction
Parts of a Lecture
Plan an introduction to catch the listener’s interest
Direct Instruction
Introduction
Parts of a Lecture
The lecturer needs to make a connection with the overall subject and the topic being
presented
Direct Instruction
Introduction
Parts of a Lecture
The lecturer needs toexplicate (change word) its relationship to previous topics covered and both prior lectures and those that will follow
Direct Instruction
Introduction
Parts of a Lecture
involves the actual delivery of the content related to the topic being addressed
Direct Instruction
The Body of the Lecture
Parts of a Lecture
careful preparation is needed
Direct Instruction
The Body of the Lecture
Parts of a Lecture
allows some flexibility in the lecture to answer questions and remarks from the student
Direct Instruction
The Body of the Lecture
Parts of a Lecture
Check student comprehension throughout the lesson by asking students to answer specific questions
Direct Instruction
The Body of the Lecture
Parts of a Lecture
Check student comprehension throughout the lesson by asking students if there is any clarification on the discussion.
Direct Instruction
The Body of the Lecture
Parts of a Lecture
Repeat and emphasize main points
Direct Instruction
Conclusion
Parts of a Lecture
Relate content to previous and subsequent topics
Direct Instruction
Conclusion
Parts of a Lecture
Encourage questions from students.
Direct Instruction
Conclusion
Said that using problem solving as a technique to help students learn
Indirect Instruction
Killen, 2009