unit 3.1 Flashcards
Theory of island biogeography helps do what
understand why some areas have more diversity than others
was is the theory of island biogeography based on
the surface area/ size of region
degree of isolation
diversity of an area is a function of 2 things
the rate of immigration
the rate of extinction
rate of immigration vs rate of emigration
immigration the the colonizaiton of an area by new species
emigration is the loss of species from that area
species equilibrium
when the rate of immigration = the rate of extinction
low # of species is a high or low immigration curve rate
high rate
high # of species is a high or low immigration curve rate
low rate
low # of species is a high or low extinction curve rate
low rate
high # of species is a high or low extinction curve rate
high rate
know the immigration/extinction (near/far) (small/large) graph
draw it
will an island small and near have more species than an island large and far
yes
what can island biogeography be applied to
patches
intermediate disturbance hypothesis curve
upside down U
low disturbances lead to what diversity
low diversity
high disturbances lead to what diversity
low diversity
intermediate disturbances lead to what diversity
high diversity
why is a medium amount of disturbances ideal
lack of disturbance lets competitors take over and too much disturbances limit the organisms
geneticallly speaking . what is evolution
the frequencies of alleles or genotypes in the population must change over time
genotype def
the genetic make up used to produce a trait
alleles def
different forms of a particulr gene
phenotype def
the actual expression of a particular trait based on the genotype
homo dom of AA pheno is
A
hetero Aa pheno is..
A
homo rec of aa pheno is…
a
gene pool def
total # of genes in a population
allele frequency def
the fraction of the gene pool represented by a particular allele
5 ways to get evolution
natural selection
mutation
gene flow
non random mating
genetic drift
natural selection def
if you arent the best. ope. you die.
mutation def
an important facotr. abrubt change
gene flow def
migration , moving genetic material from 1 pop to another
non random mating def
individuals tend to mate more frequently if they look alike
genetic drift def
randomness in small populations
founder effect or bottleneck effect
sexual selection def
when reproductive traits are selected at the potential compromise of survival
reproduction > survival
when will evolution not occur
if all 5 of the options are not met so you need to have no mutations, no gene flow, have random mating, no genetic drift, and no natural selection
genetic equilibrium
where there is no change in allele frequency (year after year)
p is
freq of Dominant
q is
freq of recessive
p+q=1 and what else
1-p = q and 1-q = p
hardy weinberg equation def
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
p^2 is what
frequency of homo dom geno
2pq is what
frequency of hetero geno
q^2 is what
freq of homo rec geno
what does the hardy weinberg equation do
links allele frequencies and genotype frequencies
