Unit 1.2 Flashcards
Genetics kinda
Why are there differences among people
Genetics
Was darwin thinking about genetics
yes, paragenetics
Gemmules def
they carried the info for tratis and build up in the body depending on the environment
what is used now relating to trait inheritance
Genetics and Epigenics
DNA def
genetic material, mechanism to store info most efficiently
Genes def
DNA segments that transcribe to form RNA
mRNA def
translates into proteins responsible for traits
Whats in proteins
structure, enzymes
enzyems def
faciliates chemical reactions
variability among individuals is a function of what
the differences in genetic material inherite
what is genetic variation the raw material for
the raw material for evolution
is genetic variaton occuring at random and by chance ?
yes
Mutation def
any change in the DNA
mutation in prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
primary mechanism in pro and leads to more in euk
when do mutations occur
during DNA replication and prior to cell division
Point of Base pairs def
substitutions, deletions, or insertion of base pairs
what has more of an impact, substitutions, deleters or insertions
deletion or insertion
Transposable elements are also called what
transposons
transposons def
segments of the DNA that can move from one area to another
What are the 3 different levels that mutation could affect phenotype
none, slight, drastic
no affect on phenotype by mutation
is most common
is usually a mutation of a non-coding region
wont change the phenotype
slight affect on phenotype by mutation
means that the amino acid substitution had minimal effect on the protein
drastic affect on phenotype by mutation
is vary rare
could create a completely new trait of a complex of traits.
other forms of mutation occur at ____ level
chromosome
how are changes in the structure of a chromosome made
through dramatic deletions, duplications or inversions of large chromosome segments
changes in the number of chromosomes are either __ or __
Aneuploidy or Polyploidy
Aneuploidy def
missing or additional chromosomes
Polyploidy
variations in whole sets of chromosomes
in sexual reproduction for eukaryotes, genetic variation also comes about via (3)
crossing over
independent assortment
fertilization
crossing over is what
the exchange of material between homologous chromosomes during early meiosis
instantly doubles the possibility for variation
independent assortment def
Random arrangement of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I and of chromatids in meiosis II during metaphase
fertilization def
which egg and whcih sperm (both with unique geneotypes) are actually combined. Random
IN sexually reproducing organisms, what traits are inherited
the traied coded for in the gametes
Are DNA mutations in somatic cells passed on
no
are offspring products of chance and probability or logic and reasoning
chance and probability
are the fittest traits always the ones getting passed on?
no
where are new trait mutations that originate in the parents gametes first expressed
by the offspring they are expressed
teleological def
there is a purpose to it
is natural selection teleological ?
no
Are there goals or a purpose to adaptions
no
If the mutation is beneficial what will happen
natural selection will stick with it
natural selection is a mechanism based on _____ meaning not _____ and not a ______
probability, random, guarantee
