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Ecology and Evolution > Unit 1.2 > Flashcards

Unit 1.2 Flashcards

Genetics kinda

1
Q

Why are there differences among people

A

Genetics

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2
Q

Was darwin thinking about genetics

A

yes, paragenetics

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3
Q

Gemmules def

A

they carried the info for tratis and build up in the body depending on the environment

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4
Q

what is used now relating to trait inheritance

A

Genetics and Epigenics

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5
Q

DNA def

A

genetic material, mechanism to store info most efficiently

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6
Q

Genes def

A

DNA segments that transcribe to form RNA

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7
Q

mRNA def

A

translates into proteins responsible for traits

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8
Q

Whats in proteins

A

structure, enzymes

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9
Q

enzyems def

A

faciliates chemical reactions

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10
Q

variability among individuals is a function of what

A

the differences in genetic material inherite

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11
Q

what is genetic variation the raw material for

A

the raw material for evolution

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12
Q

is genetic variaton occuring at random and by chance ?

A

yes

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13
Q

Mutation def

A

any change in the DNA

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14
Q

mutation in prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

A

primary mechanism in pro and leads to more in euk

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15
Q

when do mutations occur

A

during DNA replication and prior to cell division

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16
Q

Point of Base pairs def

A

substitutions, deletions, or insertion of base pairs

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17
Q

what has more of an impact, substitutions, deleters or insertions

A

deletion or insertion

18
Q

Transposable elements are also called what

A

transposons

19
Q

transposons def

A

segments of the DNA that can move from one area to another

20
Q

What are the 3 different levels that mutation could affect phenotype

A

none, slight, drastic

21
Q

no affect on phenotype by mutation

A

is most common
is usually a mutation of a non-coding region
wont change the phenotype

22
Q

slight affect on phenotype by mutation

A

means that the amino acid substitution had minimal effect on the protein

23
Q

drastic affect on phenotype by mutation

A

is vary rare
could create a completely new trait of a complex of traits.

24
Q

other forms of mutation occur at ____ level

A

chromosome

25
Q

how are changes in the structure of a chromosome made

A

through dramatic deletions, duplications or inversions of large chromosome segments

26
Q

changes in the number of chromosomes are either __ or __

A

Aneuploidy or Polyploidy

27
Q

Aneuploidy def

A

missing or additional chromosomes

28
Q

Polyploidy

A

variations in whole sets of chromosomes

29
Q

in sexual reproduction for eukaryotes, genetic variation also comes about via (3)

A

crossing over
independent assortment
fertilization

30
Q

crossing over is what

A

the exchange of material between homologous chromosomes during early meiosis
instantly doubles the possibility for variation

31
Q

independent assortment def

A

Random arrangement of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I and of chromatids in meiosis II during metaphase

32
Q

fertilization def

A

which egg and whcih sperm (both with unique geneotypes) are actually combined. Random

33
Q

IN sexually reproducing organisms, what traits are inherited

A

the traied coded for in the gametes

34
Q

Are DNA mutations in somatic cells passed on

A

no

35
Q

are offspring products of chance and probability or logic and reasoning

A

chance and probability

36
Q

are the fittest traits always the ones getting passed on?

A

no

37
Q

where are new trait mutations that originate in the parents gametes first expressed

A

by the offspring they are expressed

38
Q

teleological def

A

there is a purpose to it

39
Q

is natural selection teleological ?

A

no

40
Q

Are there goals or a purpose to adaptions

A

no

41
Q

If the mutation is beneficial what will happen

A

natural selection will stick with it

42
Q

natural selection is a mechanism based on _____ meaning not _____ and not a ______

A

probability, random, guarantee

Ecology and Evolution (7 decks)

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