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UTS > Unit 3.1 > Flashcards

Unit 3.1 Flashcards

1
Q

It is the scientific study of how human thinks, feel, and behave.

A

Psychology

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2
Q

Psychology is the ________ of how human ______, _____, and _______.

A

scientific study
thinks, feel, and behave

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3
Q

What are the four goals of psychology?

A

Describe
Explain
Predict
Modify

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4
Q

_______ – “of relating to, being, or involving conscious intellectual activity”

A

Cognitive

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5
Q

Cognitive - “of relating to, being, or involving ____________”

A

conscious intellectual activity

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6
Q

A Swiss clinical psychologist who pioneered the Theory of Cognitive Development.

A

Jean Piaget

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7
Q

Jean Piaget is a ____________ who pioneered the Theory of _____________.

A

Swiss clinical psychologist
Theory of Cognitive Development

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8
Q

It deals with the nature of knowledge itself; and how humans gradually come to acquire and use it

A

Theory of Cognitive Development

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9
Q

Theory of Cognitive Development deals with the _________ itself; and how humans gradually come to acquire and use it

A

nature of knowledge

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10
Q

For Piaget, _________ is a progressive reorganization of ________ resulting from _________ and __________

A

cognitive development
mental processes
biological maturation
environmental experience

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11
Q

Basic components of Piaget’s cognitive development

A

Schemas
Adaptation
Stages of Cognitive Development

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12
Q

Mental organizations used to understand the environment

A

Schemas

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13
Q

Schemas is _______ used to understand the ________

A

mental organizations
environment

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14
Q

a child’s process in encountering situational conditions

A

Adaptation

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15
Q

Adaptation is a child’s process in encountering _________

A

situational conditions

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16
Q

focused on the growing expertise of child’s thought process

A

Stages of cognitive development

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17
Q

Stages of cognitive development is focused on the _______ of child’s _________

A

growing expertise
thought process

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18
Q

It is the process of getting new information that is already active in our schemas.

A

Assimilation

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19
Q

This operation is somewhat subjective for the reason we tend to change information and experiences that could fit in with our pre-existing beliefs.

A

Assimilation

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20
Q

Assimilation is the process of getting new information that is already ___________. This operation is somewhat ________ for the reason we tend to change information and experiences that could fit in with our __________.

A

active in our schemas
subjective
pre-existing beliefs

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21
Q

It is a procedure known as a part of adaptation involves that altering or changing the existing schemas, as a result of a new experiences and information.

A

Accommodation

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22
Q

During this process, a new schema might be developed.

A

Accommodation

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23
Q

Accommodation is a procedure known as a part of ________ involves that altering or changing the _________, as a result of a _____ experiences and information.

In accommodation, during this process, a ______ might be developed.

A

adaptation
existing schemas
new

new schema

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24
Q

Assimilation is incorporated into an ________ schema

A

Existing

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25
Q

Accommodation is a modification of a _____ schema

A

Prior

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26
Q

He believed that it is essential to maintain a balance between assimilation [previous knowledge] and accommodation [new knowledge]. It helps to explain how the children can move from one stage to another.

A

Jean Piaget

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27
Q

Piaget believed that ________ is essential to maintain a balance between assimilation [previous knowledge] and accommodation [new knowledge].

A

Equilibration

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28
Q

It helps to explain how the children can move from one stage to another.

A

Equilibration

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29
Q

Equilibration is essential to maintain a _______ between assimilation [previous knowledge] and accommodation [new knowledge]. It helps to explain how the children can move from one stage to another.

A

balance

30
Q

_____________

• Knowledge is through _____ (tasting, seeing, smelling, touching, hearing)
• _________ develops between to 4-9 months

Age:

A

Sensorimotor
senses
Object permanence

0-2

31
Q

__________

• ________ and __________ develop
• Can do mentally what one could only do physically
• Conservation of shape, number, liquid not yet possible

Age:

A

Preoperational
Verbal and egocentric thinking
2-5

32
Q

__________
• Conservation of shape, number, liquid are now possible
• _______ and _______ develop, but are limited to

Age:

A

Concrete Operational
Logic and reasoning
6-11

33
Q

___________
• ________ – principles and ideals develop
• _________ is now possible (no longer just trial and error)
• Ability to think about and reflect upon one’s thinking (_____)
• ________

Age:

A

Formal operational
Abstract reasoning
Systematic problem solving
(metacognition)
Scientific reasoning

12 and up

34
Q

___________
The ability to realize that objects still exist when they are not being _____

A

Object permanence
sensed

35
Q

Believing that inanimate objects are alive

A

Animistic thinking

36
Q

_________
Not being capable of seeing things from another person’s _______

A

Egocentrism
perspective

37
Q

Recognition that when some properties (such as shape) of an object change, other properties (such as volume) remain constant

A

Conservation

38
Q

Elaborated on the emergence of self-concept and asserted that the wide developmental changes is observed across: early childhood, later childhood, adolescence, emerging adults

A

Dr. Susan Harter

39
Q

Dr. Susan Harter Elaborated on the emergence of ______ and asserted that the wide _________ is observed across: ________, ________, ______ and _______

A

self-concept
developmental changes
• early childhood, later childhood, adolescence, emerging adults

40
Q

Two important concepts of self. By _______

A

Self esteem
Self concept

Dr. Susan Harter

41
Q

Also known as self-worth which refers to the individual’s overall acceptance of self.

A

Self-esteem

42
Q

Involves the degree of self success

A

Self - esteem

43
Q

Self esteem known as _______ which refers to the individual’s overall ________. Involves the degree of _________.

A

self-worth
acceptance of self
self success

44
Q

Individual perception of self that remains comparatively consistent and steady overtime, context and developmental stages

A

Self concept

45
Q

Self concept is the __________ of self that remains comparatively consistent and steady overtime, context and developmental stages

A

individual perception

46
Q

Development of self concept according to _________

A

Dr. Susan Harter

Early Childhood
Middle to Later Childhood
Adolescence
Emerging adults

47
Q

Child describe the self in terms of concrete and observable characteristics

A

Early childhood

48
Q

Self is described in terms of trait-like constructs (e.g. shy, behaved, timid)

A

Middle to Later Childhood

49
Q

Emergence of more abstract self-definitions, such as inner thoughts, emotions, attitudes, & motives

A

Adolescence

50
Q

Having a vision of “possible self”.

A

Emerging adults

51
Q

In early childhood, the
child describe the self in terms of _____ and ________.

A

concrete and observable characteristics

52
Q

In middle to later childhood,
self is described in terms of ________ (e.g. shy, behaved, timid)

A

trait-like constructs

53
Q

In adolescence,
it is the emergence of more abstract _________, such as inner thoughts, emotions, attitudes, & motives

A

self-definitions

54
Q

Emerging adults
have a vision of “________”.

A

possible self

55
Q

An American psychologist who was one of the founders of humanistic approach to psychology.

A

Carl Rogers

56
Q

He asserted that all behavior is motivated by self actualizing tendencies and these drive you to reach your potential.

A

Carl Rogers

57
Q

Carl Rogers is an American psychologist who was one of the founders of _________ approach to psychology.

A

humanistic

58
Q

Carl Rogers asserted that all behavior is motivated by __________ and these drive you to reach your potential.

A

Self actualizing tendencies

59
Q

Emphasized the active role of the individual in shaping their internal and external worlds

A

Humanistic

60
Q

Humanistic emphasized the ______ of the individual in ________ their internal and external worlds

A

active role
shaping

61
Q

A person is an active, creative, experiencing being who lives in the present and has a basic instinct to succeed at his highest capacity

A

Actualizing Tendency

62
Q

Actualizing tendency is when a person is an active, creative, experiencing being who lives in the _______ and has a basic instinct to succeed at his highest capacity

A

present

63
Q

-Actualizing Tendency-

A

Need for maintenance
Need for enhancement

64
Q

________ includes such basic needs as food, air, and safety; but it also includes the tendency to _________ and to seek the ________.

A

Need for Maintenance
resist change
status quo

65
Q

People’s willingness to learn things that are not immediately rewarding

A

Need for enhancement

66
Q

are expressed in a variety of forms, including curiosity, playfulness, self-exploration, friendship, and confidence

A

Need for enhancement

67
Q

___________

Animals and plants have an inherent tendency to grow toward reaching their _______- provided ________ are present.

A

Need for enhancement
genetic potential
certain conditions

68
Q

What are the two subsystems of self?

A

Self concept
Ideal self

69
Q

All those aspects of one’s being and one’s experiences that are perceived in awareness (though not always accurately) by the individual.

A

Self concept

70
Q

One’s view of self as one wishes to be.

A

Ideal self

71
Q

A wide gap between the ideal self and the self-concept indicates _______ and an _________

A

incongruence
unhealthy personality

72
Q

Conditions to achieve Actualizing Tendency

A

Congruence
Unconditional positive regard
Emphathy

UTS (5 decks)

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