Unit 304- theories

Question 1

what is Freuds theory

Answer 1

• Psychological approach
  The theory tries to explain human behaviour by exploring the idea that childhood traumas or experiences can be pushed into the unconscious mind causing mental health disorders later on in life.

It is also based on the interaction of the Id ,Ego, and Superego parts of personality:

Id- selfish
Ego- a balance of in protecting your pride
Superego- being way too apologising

Question 2

What was the ice berg model?

Answer 2

Freud made the iceberg model containing three things of our cognitive which are the conscious mind, subconscious mind and the unconscious mind.

psychoanalysis is to make the unconscious to conscious.

Question 3

What was Jean Piaget’s theory?

Answer 3

cognitive functions:
It is based on children development stages in terms of age of doing it by themselves without being taught them for example

Sensory motor stage: 0-2 years -
¬ego centrism, lack of object permanence.
 Pre operational stage: 2-7 years - ego centrism, lack of conservation.
 Concrete operational stage: 7-11 years - de-centring, concrete operations,
conservation.
 Formal operational stage: 11+ years - abstract and hypothetical thinking.

Question 4

What was Vygotsky’s theory?

for vygotsky which are the three most important influence on cognitive impairment

Answer 4

Cognitive:
Vygotsky believes that learning is a social process and the origination of human intelligence in society or culture.
He believed that everything is learned through 2 levels.
First, through interaction with others, and then integrated into the individual’s mental structure

• culture
• social interaction
• language
  Cognitive processes develop through social
  interaction

Question 5

What was Maslow’s Humanist theory about?

Answer 5

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs a theory of stages of needs in a triangle to be required before moving up to another need:

this stages start from
- physiological needs :
air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, reproduction

• safety needs:
  personal security, employment, resources, health and protection
• love and belonging :
  friendship, intimacy, family, sense of connection
• esteem :
  respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength
• self actualization :
  desire to become the most that one can be

Question 6

What was Roger’s humanist theory?

Answer 6

Receiving unconditional positive regard:
A child who has received unconditional positive regard will have a real self (I
am) and an ideal self (I should be) that are reasonably congruent (similar)
and will have high self-esteem, be confident, open and trusting.

Question 7

Name 2 behaviorist theorist.

What is the behaviourist approach?

Answer 7

• Pavlov
• Skinner

Behaviourists believe that most human behaviour is learned from the environment

Question 8

What was Pavlov’s theory one behaviorist approach?

Answer 8

Classical conditioning:
It builds on behaviour that already exists in an animal or human. For example,
salivation is a normal reflex in dogs when presented with food.

Question 9

What was Skinners theory in behavioursit approach?

Answer 9

Operant conditioning He believed that behavior is learned from environmental consequences.
An animal or human behaves in some way which is then rewarded, teaching it
to repeat that behaviour.

Question 10

What is the humanistic approach?

Answer 10

the personal worth of the individual, the centrality of human values, and the creative, active nature of human beings

Question 11

What was gerald egan’s theory?

Answer 11

He promoted The humanistic theory which includes thebody language SOLER