Unit 3 Vocabulary Flashcards
Concentration Gradient
A measurement of how much something changes as you move from one region to another.
Hypertonic
The solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than inside the cell.
Hypotonic
The solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell.
Isotonic
The concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.
Diffusion
random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
(High to Low)
Osmosis
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Endocytosis
Active Transport: taking bulky material into a cell
Exocytosis
Active Transport: Forces material out of cell in bulk
What is the effector in the feedback system?
the effector responds to the command center
The effect our outcome
sweating or shivering
What is the receptor in the feedback system?
the receptor receives based on the internal environment
What is the command center in the feedback system?
the command center receives and process the information
What does it mean to move with the concentration gradient?
To move particles move from areas of high concentrations to areas of low concentrations
What does it mean to move against the concentration gradient?
To move particles from a low concentration to a high concentration
3 Types of Passive Transport
Simple Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis
3 Types of Active Transport
Protein Pump, Endocytosis; Exocytosis
Protein Pump
Carrier protein is used to move against concentration gradient
Endocytosis
Endocytosis: taking bulky material into a cell
Uses energy
Cell membrane in-folds around food particle
“cell eating”
forms food vacuole & digests food
This is how white blood cells eat bacteria!
Exocytosis
Forces material out of cell in bulk
membrane surrounding the material fuses with cell membrane
Cell changes shape – requires energy
Ex: Hormones or wastes released from cell
Why is the cell membrane considered to be semi-permeable?
Cell membranes have pores (holes) in it
Selectively permeable: Allows some molecules in and keeps other molecules out
The structure helps it be selective!
What is embedded in a cell membrane to move molecules across the membrane?
Transport Protein
What is the result of placing a cell in hypertonic solution? What happens to the cell?
Result: Water moves from inside the cell into the solution: Cell shrinks (Plasmolysis)!
What is the result of placing a cell in hypotonic solution? What happens to the cell?
Result: Water moves from the solution to inside the cell: Cell swells and bursts open (cytolysis)!
What is the result of placing a cell in an isotonic solution? What happens to the cell?
Result: Water moves equally in both directions and the cell remains the same size! (Dynamic Equilibrium)
Blood Glucose Homeostasis
Explain Cycle
How is maintaining body temperature an example of homeostasis?
1-2 degree increase causes vascular dilation, sweating, and extremities to get warm
1-2 degree decrease causes vascular constriction, cold hands and feet, muscle contraction, shivering
