Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Honors Bio Fall Final > Unit 1 Concepts > Flashcards

Unit 1 Concepts Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Starting from the individual to the biosphere, how are the ecological units organized?

A

They are organized by population: Individual, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the abiotic and biotic parts of the ecosystem? Give examples.

A

Biotic or Living: Organic Matter, Living Things, Oysters, Blue Crabs, Jellyfish

Abiotic or Nonliving: Climate, Sunlight, Temperature, Humidity, Soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are Decomposers? Examples?

A

Decomposers break down dead or decaying plants. Examples are worms, mushrooms, bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the role of a decomposer in the Ecosystem? Why are they important?

A

They break apart dead organisms into simpler inorganic materials, making nutrients available to primary producers.

They return nutrients to the ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the role of a decomposer in the Ecosystem? Why are they important?

A

They break apart dead organisms into simpler inorganic materials, making nutrients available to primary producers.

Matter is found in a limited amount on earth and has to be returned to the ecosystem in a usable form whenever an organism dies. Decomposers fill this role. They break down the body of the dead organism and return the matter in it to the ecosystem via several processes and stages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In the food chain identify producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and tertiary consumer.

A

Producer: Plant
Primary Consumer: Mouse
Secondary Consumer: Snake
Tertiary Consumer: Hawk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the primary source of all energy for the ecosystem?

A

Sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do the arrows respresent?

A

Energy Transfer - where the energy is going

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Ten Percent Rule?

A

At every level 10% of the energy is removed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the food web?

A

the flow of energy in an ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 3 types of ecological pyramids?

A

Biomass, Energy and Tertiary or Numbers Pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Biomass Pyramid - What Information is Shown?

A

amount of living organic matter at each trophic level

Advantage: Size is considered
Disadvantage: Have to kill and dry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Energy Pyramid - What Information is Shown?

A

the relative amount of energy available at each trophic level

If only 10% of energy is passed to the next feeding level, where does the 90% go?? lost in the form of heat and unusable energy!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tertiary Pyramid or Numbers Pyramid - What Information is Shown?

A

the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level

Advantage: Easy to count
Disadvantage: Doesn’t take into account size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does each level represent?

A

Trophic Level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What changes as you go from one level to the level above it?

A

10% of energy is lost in the form of heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of biogeochemical cycles in the ecosystems? Why is it important?

A

Cycle chemicals between organisms and the Earth … it moves essential elements to sustain life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Carbon Cycle - What is the process that ADDS carbon to the atmosphere?

A

Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carbon Cycle - What is the process that REMOVES carbon to the atmosphere?

A

Photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Competition: Define and Give Example

A

Hyena wants lions kill

18
Q

Symbiosis: Define and Give Example

A

a long-term relationship with significant physical or chemical interactions … for example .. bees and flowers

19
Q

Mutualism: Define and Give Example

A

Both species benefit (+/+) … Bees and Flowers

20
Q

Parasitism: Define and Give Example

A

One organism benefits at the other’s expense (+/-) … Dog and Flea

21
Q

Commensalism: Define and Give Example

A

One organism benefits and the other is unaffected (+/0) … water buffalo and bird

22
Q

Predation: Define and Give Example

A

One organism consumes another .. used for population control … rivers in Yellowstone, reintroducing wolves

23
Q

Niche

A

the role that a species plays in its environment

24
Q

Why is there niche partitioning?

A

allows for animals to coexist rather than competition between species

25
Q

What is niche partitioning?

A

cooperative behavior between populations that contributes to their survival.

26
Q

Competition Exclusion Principle

A

The competitive exclusion principle says that two species can’t coexist if they occupy exactly the same niche (competing for identical resources)

27
Q

What is Carrying Capacity

A

the number of organisms of one species that an environment can support indefinitely

28
Q

What happens to populations as it approaches carrying capacity.

A

Population slows down to growing rate to stay consistent

29
Q

Carrying Capacity Graph

A

See attached

30
Q

Density Dependent

A

The greater the population, the greater effect these factors have. … COVID … disease, competition, predators

31
Q

density-independent factors

A

Abiotic / Non-Living Factors … volcanic erruptions, earthquake, tornado,

32
Q

Ecological Succession: Define

A

predictable changes that occurs in a community over time

33
Q

What is a pioneer species?

A

the first species to populate this area (ex: lichens SLOWLY break down rock to make soil)

34
Q

Primary Succession

A

occurs on land where no soil exists (ex: volcanic eruptions)

35
Q

Secondary Succession

A

occurs in areas where there has been previous growth (ex: fires, abandoned fields); soil is present, MUCH faster than primary succession

36
Q

Example of a Pioneer Species … and how it relates to succession

A

Fungi .. primary … breaks down minerals to form soil for future species

37
Q

Population Growth - When there an increase in population size?

A

When there are resources … water, food, energy

38
Q

Population Growth - What factors cause a decrease in population size?

A

Limited resources … water, food, energy

39
Q

Each level in an ecological pyramid represents:

A

Trophic Level

40
Q

In the nitrogen cycle the process carried out by bacteria that live on plant roots is called …

A

Nitrogen Fixation

41
Q

Nitrogen Cycle - What is the process that returns nitrogen to the atmosphere?

A

Denitrification

42
Q

Carbon Cycle - what is the process to add carbon to the atmostpher?

A

Respiration

43
Q

What is the role of decomposition?

A

Recycles matter into the bioegochemical cycles

44
Q

What is the process to remove carbon from the atmosphere

A

Photosynthesis

45
Q

Explain this statement: Energy flows one way but matter is recycled.

A

Energy is not usable for work once it is converted and used with the cycle. BUT matter must be recycled in order to the cycle to continue in the ecosystem.

Honors Bio Fall Final (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions