Unit#3 translation and transcription p.g 118-120 handout 2,3 Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases in RNA?
Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine
Which bases go together in DNA and why
AT, GC. Because, the following bases fit like a puzzle providing a kind of insurance for the information the molecule carry.
Why does DNA have “de” in deoxyribose?
Because it loses one oxygen atom thus making it “de” and differing it from RNA.
What is the purpose of the genes in DNA?
The genes in DNA are the blueprint for life; in other words they are the code for making protein.
What is found in a Nucleotide?
1) Nitrogenous bases
2) Phosphate group
3) Deoxyribose
What connects the nitrogenous bases?
Hydrogen bonds
What is a protein?
Giant molecules that are made up of amino acids.
List three functions protein?
1) gatekeeper to the cell
2) Messenger between cells
3) Biological catalyst
4) Structural protein
5) Transport Protein
What is the name of the segments of DNA?
Genes
What are genes?
They carry the information for making all the required proteins for all organisms
Where are proteins found?
In the cytoplasm
What is DNA replication?
In DNA replication the double helix unwinds then an enzyme called DNA helicase unzips the DNA so the two strands are separated. Then, the DNA strands are split into two, then the DNA polymerase attaches itself to the DNA strand and is used to add complimentary free nucleotides to the expose bases on both sides.
What is transcriptions purpose?
Changing DNA to RNA
How does transcription work?
unwinding and unzipping
What is the template strand?
The DNA strand that mRNA is built from is called the template strand
What is another name for the template strand?
Sense
What is mRNA?
mRNA acts like as single strand polymer that acts as the go-between for the nucleus and cytoplasm.
What is the antisense?
Antisense is the junk part of the DNA; nonsense.
What is a codon?
3 bases per acid that are found in the amino acids.
What are the codons for methionine
UAA, UAG, and UGA
The DNA is too large and is 95% junk, so how is that problem solved?
Through “post-transitional modification”.
What are introns and exons?
Introns are the extra bits that are known as “junk”. Exons are the important parts that are spiced up together to create the mRNA.
State the steps from DNA to Polypeptide
1) DNA
2) Transcription
3) RNA
4) Translation
5) Polypeptide
What is rRNA
Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid “Ribosome”
What is needed to make an Amino Acid?
ribosome and mRNA
List the three types of RNA that are required for translations and transcription
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
What does the tRNA do
Goes to the ribose allowing the protein to form.
