Unit#3 translation and transcription p.g 118-120 handout 2,3

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

Question 2

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Answer 2

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 3

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases in RNA?

Answer 3

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 4

Which bases go together in DNA and why

Answer 4

AT, GC. Because, the following bases fit like a puzzle providing a kind of insurance for the information the molecule carry.

Question 5

Why does DNA have “de” in deoxyribose?

Answer 5

Because it loses one oxygen atom thus making it “de” and differing it from RNA.

Question 6

What is the purpose of the genes in DNA?

Answer 6

The genes in DNA are the blueprint for life; in other words they are the code for making protein.

Question 7

What is found in a Nucleotide?

Answer 7

1) Nitrogenous bases
2) Phosphate group
3) Deoxyribose

Question 8

What connects the nitrogenous bases?

Answer 8

Hydrogen bonds

Question 9

What is a protein?

Answer 9

Giant molecules that are made up of amino acids.

Question 10

List three functions protein?

Answer 10

1) gatekeeper to the cell
2) Messenger between cells
3) Biological catalyst
4) Structural protein
5) Transport Protein

Question 11

What is the name of the segments of DNA?

Answer 11

Genes

Question 12

What are genes?

Answer 12

They carry the information for making all the required proteins for all organisms

Question 13

Where are proteins found?

Answer 13

In the cytoplasm

Question 14

What is DNA replication?

Answer 14

In DNA replication the double helix unwinds then an enzyme called DNA helicase unzips the DNA so the two strands are separated. Then, the DNA strands are split into two, then the DNA polymerase attaches itself to the DNA strand and is used to add complimentary free nucleotides to the expose bases on both sides.

Question 15

What is transcriptions purpose?

Answer 15

Changing DNA to RNA

Question 16

How does transcription work?

Answer 16

unwinding and unzipping

Question 17

What is the template strand?

Answer 17

The DNA strand that mRNA is built from is called the template strand

Question 18

What is another name for the template strand?

Answer 18

Sense

Question 19

What is mRNA?

Answer 19

mRNA acts like as single strand polymer that acts as the go-between for the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 20

What is the antisense?

Answer 20

Antisense is the junk part of the DNA; nonsense.

Question 21

What is a codon?

Answer 21

3 bases per acid that are found in the amino acids.

Question 22

What are the codons for methionine

Answer 22

UAA, UAG, and UGA

Question 23

The DNA is too large and is 95% junk, so how is that problem solved?

Answer 23

Through “post-transitional modification”.

Question 24

What are introns and exons?

Answer 24

Introns are the extra bits that are known as “junk”. Exons are the important parts that are spiced up together to create the mRNA.

Question 25

State the steps from DNA to Polypeptide

Answer 25

1) DNA
2) Transcription
3) RNA
4) Translation
5) Polypeptide

Question 26

What is rRNA

Answer 26

Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid “Ribosome”

Question 27

What is needed to make an Amino Acid?

Answer 27

ribosome and mRNA

Question 28

List the three types of RNA that are required for translations and transcription

Answer 28

mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

Question 29

What does the tRNA do

Answer 29

Goes to the ribose allowing the protein to form.