Unit 3 Topic 9 Lesson 3 Diet & the Heart II Flashcards
statin
drug to reduce cholesterol
jupiter study
gave intervention group statin drug - conclusion 100% reduction in cardiovascular events but very expensive
two measurements for cholesterol
mmol/L or mg/dL milligrams per liter or deciliter x 0.026
same for triglycerides
numbers desirable for cholesterol
total should be 240 (6.2)
HDL and LDL number
HDL should be above 60
LDL 169
measure of risk, the ratio
LDL/HDL
LDL calculation
Total-HDL-Triglycerides over 5
not something directly measured, it is calculated, size of LDL particle is impt, risk depends on particle size the smaller the more dangerous
where does blood cholesterol come from?
function of dietary fats that we eat dietary fats have effect on LDL receptors and also made in liver
eggs and cholesterol
no association with egg intake and heart disease, most of population show no difference in blood cholesterol and egg consumption , bith HDL and LDL increase together
transfats and cholesterol
not good for us (byproducts of process of hydrogenation)
-prevailing theory: saturated fats raises cholesterol but this has never been proven
Phil Sokoloff in 80s
had heart attack as young age and thought america was being poisoned by fats many people went from butter to margarine
polyunsaturated fats categories
1-omega 3 fats (good for you) and 2-omega 6 fats (questionalble because of inflammatory properties)
meta-analysis
showed no sig evidence that saturated fat increased the rates of heart disease
Japan study
fat intake was inversely associated with incidence of stroke
when you increase when food, decrease another, hard to control
French paradox
the French eat very high fat foods and lower incidence of heart disease so its hard to know if paradox actually exists because of way death is reported is diff in France
-red wine resvertol reduces heart disease?
sydney study
the more polyunsaturated fat (linoleic acid) the greater the risk for heart disease
explanation: linoleic acid would stimulate inflammation
omega 3 and polyunsaturated fats
anti-inflammatory, must fix omega6 to omega 3 ratio
flaxseed oil omega 3 > omega 6 GOOD , also fish oil
the omega 3 in eggs is alpha linoleic acid (in body converted to fish oil, in small proportion), walnut oil good too
foods to lower cholesterol
- nuts
- margines fortified with things to lower cholesterol (sitostenol) but would have to eat a lot
- it bran: beat-glucan to lower cholesterol, but would have to eat too much
how does lowering of blood cholesterol work?
bile acids break down fat, made from cholesterol but beta glucan forces excretion so more cholesterol needed to make bile acids
specific diets to reduce risk of heart disease?
-most attention: Ornish, very low fat diet
saturated fats
raise LDL, but not bad kind
-switching to a diet that reduces saturated fat and increase carbs may reduce total LDL but increase small particle LDL
low fat diets are high in carbs
can reduce HDL esp if too many high glycemic index foods are eaten
negative impact if carbs
reduces FA being used as fuel so triglycerides increase, HDL decreases, this leads to increase small particle LDL
swedish recommendation
low carb, high fat nutrition
not all saturated fats are bad
