Unit 3 Topic 9 Lesson 3 Diet & the Heart II

Question 1

statin

Answer 1

drug to reduce cholesterol

Question 2

jupiter study

Answer 2

gave intervention group statin drug - conclusion 100% reduction in cardiovascular events but very expensive

Question 3

two measurements for cholesterol

Answer 3

mmol/L or mg/dL milligrams per liter or deciliter x 0.026

same for triglycerides

Question 4

numbers desirable for cholesterol

Answer 4

total should be 240 (6.2)

Question 5

HDL and LDL number

Answer 5

HDL should be above 60

LDL 169

Question 6

measure of risk, the ratio

Answer 6

LDL/HDL

Question 7

LDL calculation

Answer 7

Total-HDL-Triglycerides over 5
not something directly measured, it is calculated, size of LDL particle is impt, risk depends on particle size the smaller the more dangerous

Question 8

where does blood cholesterol come from?

Answer 8

function of dietary fats that we eat 
dietary fats have effect on LDL receptors and also made in liver

Question 9

eggs and cholesterol

Answer 9

no association with egg intake and heart disease, most of population show no difference in blood cholesterol and egg consumption , bith HDL and LDL increase together

Question 10

transfats and cholesterol

Answer 10

not good for us (byproducts of process of hydrogenation)

-prevailing theory: saturated fats raises cholesterol but this has never been proven

Question 11

Phil Sokoloff in 80s

Answer 11

had heart attack as young age and thought america was being poisoned by fats many people went from butter to margarine

Question 12

polyunsaturated fats categories

Answer 12

1-omega 3 fats (good for you) and 2-omega 6 fats (questionalble because of inflammatory properties)

Question 13

meta-analysis

Answer 13

showed no sig evidence that saturated fat increased the rates of heart disease

Question 14

Japan study

Answer 14

fat intake was inversely associated with incidence of stroke
when you increase when food, decrease another, hard to control

Question 15

French paradox

Answer 15

the French eat very high fat foods and lower incidence of heart disease so its hard to know if paradox actually exists because of way death is reported is diff in France
-red wine resvertol reduces heart disease?

Question 16

sydney study

Answer 16

the more polyunsaturated fat (linoleic acid) the greater the risk for heart disease
explanation: linoleic acid would stimulate inflammation

Question 17

omega 3 and polyunsaturated fats

Answer 17

anti-inflammatory, must fix omega6 to omega 3 ratio
flaxseed oil omega 3 > omega 6 GOOD , also fish oil
the omega 3 in eggs is alpha linoleic acid (in body converted to fish oil, in small proportion), walnut oil good too

Question 18

foods to lower cholesterol

Answer 18

• nuts
• margines fortified with things to lower cholesterol (sitostenol) but would have to eat a lot
• it bran: beat-glucan to lower cholesterol, but would have to eat too much

Question 19

how does lowering of blood cholesterol work?

Answer 19

bile acids break down fat, made from cholesterol but beta glucan forces excretion so more cholesterol needed to make bile acids

Question 20

specific diets to reduce risk of heart disease?

Answer 20

-most attention: Ornish, very low fat diet

Question 21

saturated fats

Answer 21

raise LDL, but not bad kind

-switching to a diet that reduces saturated fat and increase carbs may reduce total LDL but increase small particle LDL

Question 22

low fat diets are high in carbs

Answer 22

can reduce HDL esp if too many high glycemic index foods are eaten

Question 23

negative impact if carbs

Answer 23

reduces FA being used as fuel so triglycerides increase, HDL decreases, this leads to increase small particle LDL

Question 24

swedish recommendation

Answer 24

low carb, high fat nutrition

not all saturated fats are bad