Unit 3 Topic 8 Lesson 3 Weight Control II

Question 1

calories produces in n america per day

Answer 1

3900 per person per day

-mostly in soft drinks

Question 2

sugar

Answer 2

is major role player in obesity

• dissacharide : glucose and fructose in bloodstream
• -glucose metabolized differently than fructose - which is main player in weight gain

Question 3

Dr Robert Lustig

Answer 3

UCSF, fructose does not blunt appetite like other sugars

Question 4

endocannabinoids

Answer 4

compund in plant resembles compound natural occurring in body - nandamide
-one of molecules involved in pleasure
-may play role in weight gain, produced from linoleic acid (polyunsaturated fat) gives pleasure
-

Question 5

high oleic soy oil

Answer 5

benefit - reduction in linoleic acid
-soy beans can be genetically modified to have more oleic acid and lower linoleic acid which is less prone to oxidation - side effect could be weight loss

Question 6

obesogens

Answer 6

chemicals that increase our appetite

• tiny components of diet that stimulate appetite
• phthalates - fatty foods absorb

Question 7

obesogens

Answer 7

chemicals that increase our appetite

• tiny components of diet that stimulate appetite
• phthalates - fatty foods absorb

Question 8

diets in n america

Answer 8

-~23000 diets published since 1920s

Question 9

hydroxycitric acid

Answer 9

grapefruit does not interfere with some enzymes (that convert sugar for fat deposition)

Question 10

hydroxycitric acid

Answer 10

grapefruit does not interfere with some enzymes (that convert sugar for fat deposition)

Question 11

sensa

Answer 11

powder you sprinkle on food which will satisfy your appetite

Question 12

hoodia plant

Answer 12

kalahari bushmen eat plant before hunting because it curbs appetite, hard to isolate components that have this effect
-not scientifically backed

Question 13

HCG diet

Answer 13

• pregnancy hormone programs body to lose fat instead of muscle
• expensive, injected, not scientifically proved
• Kevin Trudeau advocate

Question 14

Raspberry ketone

Answer 14

causes fat cells to release adiponectin tricking body that it is thin, but not single study in humans that show raspberry ketone associated with weight loss

Question 15

green coffee bean

Answer 15

Joe Vinson - researcher, avg weight loss of 17.5 lbs in 22 wks in study however study done in India and not carefully monitored

Question 16

garcina cambogia

Answer 16

fruit from tropics rich in hydroxycitric acid so carbs don’t get converted as easily to fat

Question 17

diet books

Answer 17

all work in short term but not long term

Question 18

twin scientist

Answer 18

low carb: slowed mentally and physically
low fat: more alert and more energy but both lost about the same weight loss
-avoid processed foods that are high in fat and carbs

Question 19

ketogenic diet

Answer 19

atkins- high in protein and high in fat so meat- issue

Question 20

high carb diet

Answer 20

complex carb diet - dean ornish - cut out fat

Question 21

comparisons

Answer 21

weight loss was greatest in atkins group - HDL, triglycerides and blood pressure favored in atkins

-the zone diet - specific foods to stay away from

Question 22

success to weight loss average behavior

Answer 22

1. carbs break down to simple sugars, mostly glucose
2. glucose triggers insulin release
3. insulin allows glucose to be absorbed through receptors by muscle cells and be used for energy
4. with too much insulin in the blood, receptors are overwhelmed and become ‘resistant’
5. glucose is absorbed into fat cells and is converted to fat
6. in the absence of glucose in the blood, stored fat is used to produce energy and weight loss occurs

Question 23

problems with atkins

Answer 23

deficient in fruits and fiber, puts burden on kidneys

Question 24

south beach diet

Answer 24

more modified version of atkins, carb reduced but not as extreme - reduce ‘bad’ carbs like potatoes and bananas, relies on glycemic index

Question 25

national weigh control registry

Answer 25

ppl with documented weight loss - benchmark : lose 30lbs and keep off for year
-generally combination of diet and exercise, not one specific diet but gen low fat, high carb, eat breakfast everyday, weigh themselves frequently, watch limited tv

Question 26

diet drinks

Answer 26

artificial sweeteners could have effect of triggering appetite but unlike regular sugars your appetite isn’t fulfilled

Question 27

Harvard school of public health

Answer 27

avg weight gain - about 1 lb / year
worst foods: french fries, chips, high glycemic, pocessed meats
best foods: fruits, vegetables, whole wheat
dairy has little effect except yogurt has good effect because of bacteria

Question 28

bacteria in digestive tract leading to lean vs fat

Answer 28

bacteroidetes (lean) & firmicutes (fat)

-mice stay lean if they get microbes from lean cage mate but not if they eat an unhealthy diet

Question 29

bacteria in digestive tract leading to lean vs fat

Answer 29

bacteroidetes (lean) & firmicutes (fat)

-mice stay lean if they get microbes from lean cage mate but not if they eat an unhealthy diet