Unit 3 Topic 8 Lesson 3 Weight Control II Flashcards
calories produces in n america per day
3900 per person per day
-mostly in soft drinks
sugar
is major role player in obesity
- dissacharide : glucose and fructose in bloodstream
- -glucose metabolized differently than fructose - which is main player in weight gain
Dr Robert Lustig
UCSF, fructose does not blunt appetite like other sugars
endocannabinoids
compund in plant resembles compound natural occurring in body - nandamide
-one of molecules involved in pleasure
-may play role in weight gain, produced from linoleic acid (polyunsaturated fat) gives pleasure
-
high oleic soy oil
benefit - reduction in linoleic acid
-soy beans can be genetically modified to have more oleic acid and lower linoleic acid which is less prone to oxidation - side effect could be weight loss
obesogens
chemicals that increase our appetite
- tiny components of diet that stimulate appetite
- phthalates - fatty foods absorb
obesogens
chemicals that increase our appetite
- tiny components of diet that stimulate appetite
- phthalates - fatty foods absorb
diets in n america
-~23000 diets published since 1920s
hydroxycitric acid
grapefruit does not interfere with some enzymes (that convert sugar for fat deposition)
hydroxycitric acid
grapefruit does not interfere with some enzymes (that convert sugar for fat deposition)
sensa
powder you sprinkle on food which will satisfy your appetite
hoodia plant
kalahari bushmen eat plant before hunting because it curbs appetite, hard to isolate components that have this effect
-not scientifically backed
HCG diet
- pregnancy hormone programs body to lose fat instead of muscle
- expensive, injected, not scientifically proved
- Kevin Trudeau advocate
Raspberry ketone
causes fat cells to release adiponectin tricking body that it is thin, but not single study in humans that show raspberry ketone associated with weight loss
green coffee bean
Joe Vinson - researcher, avg weight loss of 17.5 lbs in 22 wks in study however study done in India and not carefully monitored
garcina cambogia
fruit from tropics rich in hydroxycitric acid so carbs don’t get converted as easily to fat
diet books
all work in short term but not long term
twin scientist
low carb: slowed mentally and physically
low fat: more alert and more energy but both lost about the same weight loss
-avoid processed foods that are high in fat and carbs
ketogenic diet
atkins- high in protein and high in fat so meat- issue
high carb diet
complex carb diet - dean ornish - cut out fat
comparisons
weight loss was greatest in atkins group - HDL, triglycerides and blood pressure favored in atkins
-the zone diet - specific foods to stay away from
success to weight loss average behavior
- carbs break down to simple sugars, mostly glucose
- glucose triggers insulin release
- insulin allows glucose to be absorbed through receptors by muscle cells and be used for energy
- with too much insulin in the blood, receptors are overwhelmed and become ‘resistant’
- glucose is absorbed into fat cells and is converted to fat
- in the absence of glucose in the blood, stored fat is used to produce energy and weight loss occurs
problems with atkins
deficient in fruits and fiber, puts burden on kidneys
south beach diet
more modified version of atkins, carb reduced but not as extreme - reduce ‘bad’ carbs like potatoes and bananas, relies on glycemic index
national weigh control registry
ppl with documented weight loss - benchmark : lose 30lbs and keep off for year
-generally combination of diet and exercise, not one specific diet but gen low fat, high carb, eat breakfast everyday, weigh themselves frequently, watch limited tv
diet drinks
artificial sweeteners could have effect of triggering appetite but unlike regular sugars your appetite isn’t fulfilled
Harvard school of public health
avg weight gain - about 1 lb / year
worst foods: french fries, chips, high glycemic, pocessed meats
best foods: fruits, vegetables, whole wheat
dairy has little effect except yogurt has good effect because of bacteria
bacteria in digestive tract leading to lean vs fat
bacteroidetes (lean) & firmicutes (fat)
-mice stay lean if they get microbes from lean cage mate but not if they eat an unhealthy diet
bacteria in digestive tract leading to lean vs fat
bacteroidetes (lean) & firmicutes (fat)
-mice stay lean if they get microbes from lean cage mate but not if they eat an unhealthy diet
