Unit 3 Topic 8 Lesson 2 Weight Control Flashcards
avg weight increasing in US
2010 - 196 men, 166 women
issues with obesity/risk factors
diabetes, heart disease, stroke, hypertension, cancer, diabetes
Atkins diet
low carb high protein
BMI
body mass index = weight (kg)/height (m^2)
exceptions to BMI
doesn’t distinguish btw fat and muscle, athletes can have high BMI but not be obese
the calorie
unit of measure: amoung of energy needed to raise the temp of 1 g of water by 1 degree C
food calories
1 calorie = 1000 food calories (food measured in kilo calories)
calorimeter
determine caloric value of food. burn and see how much heat is produced
Wilbur Olin Atwater
original calorie determination. collected urine and fecal mater and burnt it for undigested food in both
calories / nutrients
fat - 9 cal/gram
protein - 4 cal/gram
carbs - 4 cal/gram
fiber - 2 cal/gram
fate of food in body is not same as in calorimeter
texture can make difference - not broken down same way
metabolizable energy
metabolizable energy
metabolism
energy consumption by biochemical processes
BMR
amount of energy expend in 24 hr period if you do nothing. total amount of energy needed to keep alive
BMR variables
amount of potential energy is the same, humans are biochemical individual, doesn’t use same amount of energy to do same things
metabolic syndrome
genetic, more than 100 cm waist, triglycerides above 1.7 mmol/L, HDL under 1 Mmol/L, B.P. >130 systolic/>85 diastolic, blood glucose > 6.1 Mmol/L
-do better on low carb diets
Pima (native americans)
american pima are very overweight rather than mexican pima b/c of different lifestyles - genetic propensity but need bad diet to bring out
brown fat
brown under microscope
- more adept at burning and releasing energy than other fat cells
- fridge - mice with brown fat are more likely to be lean and not shiver
- exercise converts white fat into brown fat
- white/brown fat ratio is genetic
BMR and obesity
- can predict obesity in later life
- increases as weight is gained
- similar in obese and non-obese ppl
setpoint theory
body has unconscious rate that it is happy with
- resists to cut back on calories, body readjusts - reduce BMR
- counter by exercise to increase BMR