Unit 3 Topic 9 Lesson 1 Diet & Cancer Flashcards
causes of cancer
diet & obesity - 35%
-most frequent among human race where carnivorous diet prevails
other causes
tobacco - 30% infections 15-20% radiation 5-10% pollution 3-5% alcohol/sex 3-5% genetics 5-10%
genetics and cancer
correlation in breast cancer, but genetic component is not as easy to pease out
twin studies
environmental and heritable factors - 45000 pairs 10000 cancers occurred some showed heritable factors
stomach cancer - environmental was shared 10% and non-shared 62%, heritable was 28%
cervical cancer - environmental was high and heritable was low.
absolute risk was higher in identical
cancer trends in US
overall general cancer rate is same, except cancer in children is increasing a little bit
trends globally
environmental situations, combination of genetics
how many cases can be prevented
30-40% can be prevented per year
how?
- five or more servings of fruit a day lowered the risk of prostate cancer by 50% and another study shows no significant correlation
- overall: eating fruits and vegetables is beneficial
how?
- five or more servings of fruit a day lowered the risk of prostate cancer by 50% and another study shows no significant correlation
- overall: eating fruits and vegetables is beneficial
betel nuts
chew and contain compounds that initiate cancer of the mouth
obesity and cancer
esophogus, colon, rectum, breast, etc linked to being overweight
alcohol and cancer
mouth, larynx, esophagus, liver, and breast (even small amount of alcohol leads to small increase in breast cancer)
associations and data
never prove cause and effect
ex. japan meat intake goes up in parallel with colorectal cancer- go further into depth not necessarily a causation
meat and cancer
cooked at high temp can cause (heterocylicamines and benzopyrene known to be carcinogenic)
-harvard study shows 9% death s in men and 7.6% deaths in women could be prevented with less reed meat in diet
studies in literature
cohort studies, case-control studies, ‘in vitro’ studies, ‘in vivo’ studies, intervention trials
4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal
forms when polyunsaturated fats are heated
4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal
forms when polyunsaturated fats are heated
-linked with heart disease, stroke, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, liver problems, cancer
4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal
forms when polyunsaturated fats are heated
-linked with heart disease, stroke, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, liver problems, cancer
carcinogens
substance that causes some sort of cancer in some animal at some dose (not necessarily humans)
percival pot surgeon
-chimney sweeps carcinoma soot accumulation linked to cancer of the scrotum
acrylamide
small molecule - present in food - forms naturally when heated to high temperature
dark tunnel in sweden, workers used this so water wouldn’t seep in, got into water table and cows got sick
acrylamide
small molecule - present in food - forms naturally when heated to high temperature -chemical reaction btw glucose and asparagine
dark tunnel in sweden, workers used this so water wouldn’t seep in, got into water table and cows got sick
prop 65 in CA
any substance known to cause any cancer in animals must be told
4-methyllimidazole
carcinogen, increase in some cancers, decrease in mammary gland cancer
risk
hazard x exposure x sensitivity
-dose is important in prevention as well
