Unit 3 Topic 4 Flashcards
What is the process of visual perception?
Reception – stimulus info collected by eye
Transduction – stimulus energy converted by receptor cells into electrochemical nerve impulses
Transmission – receptor cells send nerve impulses into primary sensory cortex where specialised receptor cells start process of perception
Selection – picking out important stimuli
Organisation – information reaches brain and is organised to make sense.
Interpretation – past experiences, motives, values and context give stimulus meaning.
What are three biological influences on visual perception? (Provide details on each)
Physiological makeup - damage can lead to visual impairments
Ageing - disorders include prebyopia, floaters, cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration (age related)
Genetics - inherited and congenital (present at birth)
What are four psychological influences on visual perception? (Provide details on each)
Perceptual Set - (Past experiences, context, motivation, emotion)
Perceptual Constancies - (size constancy, shape constancy) stable perception of stimulus
Gestalt Principles - (Figure-ground organisation, camouflage, closure, similarity, proximity)
Depth Perception - binocular cues (both eyes), monocular cues (one eye or both eyes)
What are the five pictorial depth cues?
Texture Gradient
Height in Visual Field
Relative Size
Interposition
Linear Perspective
THRIL
What was the purpose of the Hudson (1960) experiment and what were the results?
- Investigate individual differences in perception of 2D and 3D images in Caucasian and African cultures.
- Participants – School (3 Caucasian, 3 African Groups) Not School (1 Caucasian, 4 African Groups)
- Results – in school group, Caucasian had higher rate of perceiving 3D images than African, in non school group both groups were similar.
What were the findings of Deregowski (1972)
3D depth perception is learnt through education.
African participants without traditional schooling struggled while those with traditional learning were able to perceive 3D images.
What were the findings of Deregowski, Muldrow and Muldrow
Participants were able to recognise depicted animals (differences were due to lowland groups familiarity with animals)
Perception is mostly based on past experience or familiarity with object, animal or person – skill that can be learnt with effort.