Unit 3 Test - The Cultural Landscape Flashcards
What is a cultural landscape?
Structures within the physical landscape caused by human activity
What 3 elements make up a cultural landscape?
- Agriculture and industry
- Religious and linguistic signs
- Landscaping
Why do geographers study cultural landscape?
Because it reflects the belief, attitudes and identities of an area
What are five things we can tell from cultural landscapes?
- Ethnicity
- Gender
- Religion
- Conservation
- History
Ethnicity
A group of people that had a common ancestry or culture
Five was that ethnicity can be seen on a cultural landscape
- Language
- Religious buildings or imagery
- Specialty stores
- Restaurants
- Markets
Ethnic enclave
Smaller ethnically homogenous area situates within a larger and ore divers cultural area
What are cultural enclaves associated with?
Step migration
What can cultural enclaves be a response to
Discrimination
What are cultural enclaves a mean of?
Cultural preservation
Gender roles
A role or behavior learned by a person as appropriate to their gender
What are gender norms determined by
Prevailing cultural norms
What are three ways that gender can be seen on the landscape?
- Signs
- Specialty stores
- Female-centric businesses
What are four ways religion can be seen on the landscape?
- Religious budlings/churches/temples
- Symbols
- Imagery
- Burial places ect.
What is an Indigenous reservation?
An area set aside by the government for the specific use of Indigenous peoples
Indigenous reservation have ___ and are usually located near ___
- Continuous history
- Economic-centric areas
What can architecture tell us about a society?
Presence of status and monuments can tell us how a place views its history and society feels about its past
What can land tell us about a society?
- Agriculture
- Natural resource management
- Parks and reserves
Sequent occupancy
Idea that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cultural heritage
Monotheistic
Religion worshiping one god
Polytheistic
Religion worshipping many gods
Ethnic religion
Religion associated with a certain ethnicity
Universalizing religion
A type of religion meant to be applicable to all people
Hearth
Place of origin for a widespread cultural trend
Charter group
A group representing the most typical culture of host community
Dispora
The spread of people from their original host land
Missionary
Someone who is a member of a religious group who is sent to promote that groups faith or beliefs
Animism
Belief that objects, places, and creatures a;; posses spiritual essence
Secularism
Principle of separation of the state from religious institutions
Theocracy
Form of government that believes god/gods/ or deities are in charge
Fundamentalism
Strict following of religious scriptures pr any set of rules or beliefs
Acculturation
Adaption of new cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another while still maintaining elements of their own culture
Assimilation
Absorbing one cultural group into another until you can no longer differentiate the two
Assimilation is almost ___ achieved
Never
Syncretism
When traits from two cultures fuse to create a new cultural trait
Multiculturalism
Coexistence of several cultures in one society with all cultures being valued and worthy of practice
Nativism
Favoring those native to a country over immigrants
Centripetal force
Force that brings people together
Examples of centripetal force
- Shared history
- Common language
- Nationalism
- Multiculturalism
Why do some languages diffuse widely and some do not diffuse at all?
Because of the conquest of colonialism
Centrifugal force
Force that divides people
Examples of centrifugal force
- Unfair treatment of certain ethnicities or cultural groups
- Diversity
- Nativism
How did language lead to a culture clash in Canada?
French and English were both declared official languages which caused tensions and separations in Canada, leading to Quebec wanting to leave Canada
Ethnic cleansing
Forced removal of a major ethnic group from a territory
Genocide
Deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular cultural or ethnic group with aim of destroying that group
Linguists
People who study languages
Language family
Languages related through common ancestry that existed long before history
What is the largest language family?
Ind-European
Language branch
Languages within a family, related through common ancestral language that existed thousands of years ago
Language group
Collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and are similar in vocabulary and grammar
What is the proto-indo European language?
Due to similarities in languages people believe that many language families descended from on e ancient language
Official language
Language designated by a country as their official language for documents, law, report, and public information
Dialect
Regional variations in languages distinguished by differences in vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation
Received pronunciation
Standard form of British English Pronunciation
Isogloss
Words usage boundaries determined by collected data
Pidgin language
Simplified version of a language allowing two speakers to communicate
Creolized language
Language that a mixture of colonizer and native languages
Lingua Franca
Common language between speaker that speak different native languages
Isolated language
Language unrelated to any other language families
Endangered language
A language dying off because the speakers are dying an not teaching the newer generations
Extinct language
Language no longer spoken or used
