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Human Geography > Human Geography Unit Test - 5 > Flashcards

Human Geography Unit Test - 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What has caused increased demand for agriculture that places added stress on the environment?

A
  • Global competition
  • Local demand
  • Population
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2
Q

Double cropping

A

Panting and harvesting on the same place of land twice a year

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3
Q

What is the impact of double cropping

A
  • Reduces soil quality
  • Prevents need for additional land for agriculture
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4
Q

Intercropping

A

Growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same field

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5
Q

What is the impact of intercropping

A
  • Replenishes soil and reduces runoff
  • Leads to higher yields
  • Requires more irrigation and fertilizer
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6
Q

Terrace farming

A

When human farm off of hillsides built like stairs

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7
Q

Impacts of terrace farming

A
  • Better access to crops
  • Irrigation from mountain runoff
  • Variety in foods grown
  • Reduces soil erosion
  • Can lead to mudslides
  • Can disrupt normal water runoff patterns
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8
Q

Monoculture

A

Specialising in one crop

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9
Q

Impacts of monoculture

A
  • Loss of biodiversity
  • Makes ecosystems more vulnerable to diseases
  • Loss of efficient absorption and breakdown of pollution
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10
Q

Draining wetlands

A

The draining of wetlands for agricultural and development purposes

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11
Q

Impacts of draining wetlands

A
  • Loss of natural water, cleaning, and pollution absorption systems
  • Loss of biodiversity and species
  • Increased vulnerability of flooding
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12
Q

Irrigation

A

Diverting water from its original runoff rout to help grow crops

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13
Q

Impacts of irrigation

A
  • creates arable land in dry places
  • Improved crop yields
  • Contributes to groundwater sources
  • Disrupts natural runoff route
  • Salinizes the soil
  • Depletion of groundwater sources in some cases
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14
Q

Soil salinization

A

Evaporation of water that leaves salt residue behind

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15
Q

Impacts of salinization

A
  • Prevents crops from absorbing nutrients
  • Causes land to become infertile
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16
Q

Overgrazing

A

Excessive grazing in an area to the point where the soil becomes permanently damaged

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17
Q

Impacts of overgrazing

A
  • Reduces biodiversity and productivity of land
  • Cases vegetation to lose the ability to regenerate itself
  • Lack of vegetation leads to severe soil erosion
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18
Q

Soil desertification

A

Transition of fertile land to desert

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19
Q

Impact of desertification

A
  • Reduces biodiversity
  • Depletes crop and pant life because it cannot support it
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20
Q

Slash and burn agriculture

A

All vegetation in an area being being cut down and burned

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21
Q

Impacts of slash and burn agriculture

A
  • Ash can give soil nutrients
  • Can contribute to climate change in the long term
  • Can cause and reduce forest fires depending on how it is carried out
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22
Q

Pesticides

A

Chemicals that are sprayed on crops to ward off or kill any insects or animals

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23
Q

What are the impacts of pesticides

A
  • Plants become resistant to bugs
  • Higher yields
  • Reduces need for intensive farming
  • Pollutes groundwater and surrounding vegetation
  • Reduces biodiversity
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24
Q

Fertilizers

A

Any substance added to soil to increase productivity

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25
Q

Impacts of fertilizers

A
  • Excess can contaminate water sources
  • Provides plants with a natural and beneficial source of nutrients
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26
Q

Feedlots

A

Place where livestock are fed and fattened up

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27
Q

Impacts of feedlots

A
  • Poor conditions for animals
  • Produces a lot of greenhouse gasses and liquid waste
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28
Q

Agriculture

A

How humans alter the landscape to raise crops and livestock for consumption an trade

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29
Q

When was the first agricultural revolution

A

10,000-12,000 years ago

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30
Q

Domesticationn

A

Raising plants and animals for human use

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31
Q

Subsistence farming

A

Consuming crops you grow and raise

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32
Q

Where does agriculture develop

A

Places with fertile soil, abundance of water, and percipitaion and moderate climates

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33
Q

What did the first spread of agriculture lead to

A

Increased trade between cultures

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34
Q

Columbian exchange

A

Global movement of plants and animals between Afro-Eurasia and the Americans after the voyage of Christopher Columbus

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35
Q

Second agricultural revolution

A

In the 1700s, it was the advances of the industrial revolution that was used to increase production of food and how people worked, behaved, and where they lived

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36
Q

What did the second agricultural revolution lead to

A
  • Mechanized production
  • Advanced transportation
  • Developed large scale irrigation
  • Changed consumption patterns
  • Shifted subsistence farming to commercial farming
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37
Q

Subsistence farming

A

Farmers focus on raising food they need to live

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38
Q

Commercial farming

A

Farming that raises one specific crop for profit

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39
Q

What was the hearth for the second ar?

A

Britain (contagious diffusion)

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40
Q

What were the effects of the second ag

A
  • Fewer, larger, more productive farms
  • More people available for factory work
  • Growth in urban centers
  • Better diets and longer life expectancies
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41
Q

Green revolution

A

Agricultural revolution that developed more efficient farming equipment and practices that increased production around the world

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42
Q

What caused the Green Revolution

A

Massive population growth in the 20th century necessitated increase production

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43
Q

What were some traits of the Green revolution

A
  • Use of biotechnology
  • Development of higher yielding, disease resistant, faster growing varieties
  • Increased use of fertilizers and pesticides
  • Implementation of high scale irrigation
  • Double cropping
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44
Q

Seed hybridization

A

Breeding two plants that have desirable characteristics

45
Q

GMOs

A

Use of engineering techniques to change the DNA of a seed

46
Q

Where was the hearth of the Green Revolution

47
Q

Polar climate

A

Cold, arid, and semi arid climates

48
Q

Cold mid latitude climate

A

Mild summers and colder winters, moderate rainfall

49
Q

Warm mid latitude climate

A

Warm and humid summers and mild winters

50
Q

Tropical climates

A

Hot and humid with substantial percipitation

51
Q

Intensive farming

A

Agriculture that involves greater inputs of capital and paid labor

52
Q

Extensive farming

A

Agriculture that uses fewer inputs of capital an paid labor

53
Q

Shifting cultivation (3)

A
  • Moving planting from one place t another and burning the vegetation
  • Land tended to a few times a year
  • Replaced by ranching and logging
54
Q

Is SC subsistence or commercial

A

Subsistence

55
Q

Intensive or extensive (SC)

56
Q

Where is SC practiced?

A

Latin America, sub Saharan Africa, southeast Asia

57
Q

What does SC produce

A

Rice, corn, millet, sorguhm

58
Q

Pastoral nodadism

A

Movement of heard to different pastures within a territory

59
Q

Is PN subsistence or commercial

A

Subsistence

60
Q

Is P Intensive or extensive

61
Q

What climate i PN in

62
Q

Plantation farming

A

Large commercial farming specializing in one luxury crop in developed countries

63
Q

Is PF subsistence or commercial

A

commercial

64
Q

Is PF intensive or extensive

65
Q

Where climate is PF practiced in

A

Tropical areas

66
Q

Livestock farming

A

Crops are grown to feed livestock on the same farm

67
Q

Is LF subsistence or commercial

A

Commercial

68
Q

Is LF intensive or extensive

69
Q

Where is LF practiced

A

Cold/mid latitude areas

70
Q

What products does LF produce

A

Corn, soybeans, grain - feed animals

71
Q

Grain farming

A

Growing of grains, primarily wheat

72
Q

Is GF subsistence or commercial

A

Commercial

73
Q

Is GF intensive or extensive

74
Q

Where is GF done

A

Cold/mid latitude areas

75
Q

Market gardening

A

Growing fruits and vegetables primarily for the purpose of freezing and canning

76
Q

Is MG subsistence or commercial

A

Commercial

77
Q

Is MG intensive or extensive

78
Q

Where is MG done

A

In warm/mid latitude places

79
Q

What does MG produce

A

Fruits and vegetables

80
Q

Dairy farming

A

Raising cattle for the purpose of harvesting milk

81
Q

Is DF subsistence or commercial

A

Commercial

82
Q

Is DF intensive or extensive

83
Q

Where is DF done

A

Warm and cold mid latitude places in the northeastern US, southeast Canada, southwest Europe, Russia, china, India, Brazil

84
Q

What does DF produce

85
Q

Mediterranean agriculture

A

Agriculture practiced in regions with hot dry climates, aways on the shore of a sea/ocean

86
Q

Is MA subsistence or commercial

A

Commercial

87
Q

Is MA intensive or extensive

88
Q

Where is MA done?

A

Warm mid latitude places

89
Q

What does MA produce

A

Figs, olives, and grapes

90
Q

Livestock ranching

A

Commercial grazing of animals confined to a specific area

91
Q

Is LR subsistence or commercial

A

Commercial

92
Q

Is LR intensive or extensive

93
Q

Where is LR practiced

94
Q

What does LR produce

A

Cows, sheep, goats, bison, alpacas, emus, etc.

95
Q

Agribusiness

A

Integration of various steps of production in the food-processing industry

96
Q

Commodity chain

A

Process used by corporations to gather resources, transform them into goods, and then transport them to customers

97
Q

Examples of a commodity chain

A
  • Planting
  • Growing
  • Harvesting
  • Processing
  • Selling
  • Transportation
98
Q

Economy of scale

A

Cost advantage experienced by a company when it increases output

99
Q

How is agriculture affected politically?

A
  • Global supply chain
  • Distribution systems
  • ## Political systems that influence different types of agriculture patterns and practices
100
Q

How is agriculture affected in communist states

A
  • Farmers sometimes being controlled
  • Collective farming or state run farms
101
Q

How is agriculture affected by capitalist states

A
  • Competition and profit drives what is produced
  • Tend to import more agricultural products
103
Q

Community supported Agriculture

A

Community members can sign up to recive a share of the farm or crops

104
Q

Fair trade

A

Trade between companies in developed countries and producers in development countries that try to ensure farmers are paid a fair wage

105
Q

Value added specialty crops

A

Crops that have some other prodcut added to them so they can sell at higher prices

106
Q

Luxury crops

A

Crops grown for profit than for food

107
Q

Food security

A

Access to food at all times to maintain a healthy lifestyle

108
Q

Food desert

A

An area with no to very little access to fresh or affordable food

109
Q

Urban agriculture

A

Growing food in urban locations

Human Geography (8 decks)

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