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Human Geography > Human Geography Unit Test/Exam - #1 > Flashcards

Human Geography Unit Test/Exam - #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cultural ecology

A

Geographical approach emphasising human-environment relationships

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2
Q

Who started the cultural ecology movement?

A

Sauger

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3
Q

In what ways do humans impact the environment

A
  • Climate change
  • Pollution
  • Overpopulation/consumption
  • Climate change
  • Fertilizers/pesticides
  • Hunting/fishing
  • Ocean acidification
  • Waste creation
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4
Q

Natural resources

A

Materials from nature that help humans to survive/live

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5
Q

What are the differences between renewable and non-renewable energy?

A

Renewable sources of energy can be replaced and reused repeatably. Non-renewable resources are one use only and create waste

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6
Q

Sustainability

A

Using the earths resources in a harmless way that allows for future use

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7
Q

Why is sustainability important?

A
  • Protects ecosystems
  • Preserves natural resources
  • Improves quality of life
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8
Q

What are some examples of sustainable practices?

A
  • Clean energy
  • Water treatment
  • Eco-friendly construction/infrastructure
  • Waste reduction
  • Recycling
  • Electric vehicles
  • Protected green spaces
  • Reforestation
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9
Q

Environmental determinism

A

The philosophy that humans behavior and their culture is determined by the environment

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10
Q

Possibilism

A

Theory that humans determine their own culture and way of life regardless of what the surrounding environment is

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11
Q

Criticisms of environmental determinism

A
  • Humans are inventors with free will
  • Humans have adapted for the natural environment to fit their needs
  • Used as tools of colonialism, racism, and imperialism
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12
Q

Criticisms of possibilism

A
  • Nature cannot completely be overrun by human will and innovation
  • Discourages the study of nature and understates it’s importance
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13
Q

Regional boundaries

A

Places where common features or characteristics change

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14
Q

Example of regional boundaries

A

Brazil

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15
Q

Transitional regional boundaries

A

A space that exhibits characteristics of both regions its located between

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16
Q

Example of a transitional regional boundary

A

The border between the United States of America and Mexico

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17
Q

Contested regional boundary

A

An area where the ownership or possession of the area is disputed and unagreed upon

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18
Q

Example of a contested regional boundary

A

Taiwan

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19
Q

Regionalization

A

The process geographers use to divide and categorize

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20
Q

Region

A

An area defined by one or more common characteristics that make it different from surrounding regions

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21
Q

Any place ___ than a point and ___ than the entire planet can be a region

A
  • Larger
  • Smaller
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22
Q

Formal region

A

Region defined by boundaries and shared characteristics

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23
Q

Perceptual region

A

An area that people believe to be apart of their cultural identity

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24
Q

Corn belt

A

Main producer of corn in the midwestern USA

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25
Q

Hinterland - “Country behind”

A

An area served by an urban center which is the focus of of goods and services for the hinterland

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26
Q

Mental maps

A

Maps that people create in their own minds based on experience and knowledge

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27
Q

Small scale maps

A

Maps that show a large area with a small amount of detail

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28
Q

Large scale maps

A

Maps that show a small area with a large amount of detail

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29
Q

What reason would business owners need to use a small scale map to make decisions

A

To show where a specific population, demographic or customer base is located

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30
Q

What reason would business need to use a large scale map?

A

To show specific details of business areas

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31
Q

What are the four scales of analysis?

A
  • Global
  • Regional
  • National
  • Local
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32
Q

What are the four types of reference maps?

A
  • Road maps
  • Political maps
  • Physical maps
  • Locator maps
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33
Q

What are reference maps?

A

Maps that help people refer to general information in an area

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33
Q

What do political map show?

A

Human created boundaries and designations

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34
Q

What do physical maps show?

A

Natural factors like mountains, rivers, and deserts

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35
Q

What do road maps show?

A

They show things like roads, highways, streets, an alleyways

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35
Q

What do plot maps show?

A

Property lines and details of land ownership

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36
Q

What is a locator map?

A

A map that uses illustrations to show specific locations in a book or text

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37
Q

What are the two types of thematic maps?

A
  • Choropleth
  • Dot distribution
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38
Q

What is a choropleth map?

A

A map that uses colors, shades, or patterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data

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39
Q

What is a dot distribution map?

A

A map used to show specific location and distribution of something, with each dot representing a specific quantity

40
Q

What is a cartogram map?

A

Maps where the sizes of places are shown according to the some specific statistics

41
Q

What is a graduated symbol map?

A

A map that uses different sized symbols to to indicate different amounts of something

42
Q

What is the purpose of a Mercator map?

A

Navigation

43
Q

What are the two strengths of a Mercator map

A
  • Directions shown accurately
  • shapes are shown relatively the same as they appear on the globe
44
Q

What is the distortion of Mercator maps?

A

High latitude places are distorted

45
Q

What is the purpose of a Peters map?

A

Illustrating spatial distribution

46
Q

.

A
47
Q

.

A
48
Q

What is the strength of a Conic map?

A

Size and shape of areas along one latitude are close to reality

49
Q

What is the purpose of a Conic map?

A

Regional mapping

50
Q

What is the purpose of a Robinson map?

A

General use

51
Q

What are the two strengths of a Robinson map?

A
  • No glaring distortion
  • Oval shape appears more like the globe
52
Q

What is the distortion on a Robinson map?

A

Area, shape, and size are distorted

53
Q

What are the two purposes of maps?

A
  1. Reference tools - how to get somewhere
  2. Communication tools - show human activity
54
Q

How has Cartography evolved over time?

A
  • Knowledge has advanced
  • Science has advanced
  • People have explored more and discovered more areas on earth
  • Maps have become more methodical and less artistic
  • The development of GPS and GIS systems has allowed for more accurate readings of specific areas
55
Q

What is a GIS (Geographic Information system) and what is it’s purpose?

A

A GIS is a computer system whos purpose is to capture, store, and analyze data

56
Q

What is GPS (Global positioning system)

A

A system that gives the precise position of something using satellites

57
Q

What is remote sensing?

A

Images taken from satellites or planes

58
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Data based on opinions (humanistic approach)

59
Q

How is qualitative data collected?

A

Through surveys, observations, and interviews

60
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Data from facts, math models, and statistics

61
Q

How is quantitative data collected?

A

Surveys

62
Q

What words do geographers use to describe data in thematic maps?

A
  • Density
  • Distribution
  • Clustered
63
Q

What is distance decay?

A

The theory that interactions between two places decrease as the distance increases

64
Q

What is space time compression?

A

Reduction in time it takes to spread something due to improved communication and transportation

65
Q

Example of space time compression

A

The mobile phone

66
Q

Example of distance decay

A

Choosing to go to a grocery store 2 blocks away instead of going to a competing grocery store 8 blocks away

67
Q

Relative location

A

Description of where something is in relation to other things

68
Q

Example of relative location

A

Fred lives in a town that is West of the Mississippi river

69
Q

Absolute location

A

The precise place where something is found

70
Q

Example of absolute location

A

Coordinates or an address

71
Q

Relative distance

A

Measurement in time, effort, or costs

72
Q

Absolute distance

A

Measurement in precise units

73
Q

Example of absolute distance

A

The distance between New York and Boston is exactly 310 km

74
Q

Absolute direction

A

Direction in cardinal or compass directions

75
Q

Example of absolute direction

A

North/East/West/South

76
Q

Why does scale matter when it comes to interpreting data?

A

Because it can reveal different information

77
Q

How do human geographers define regions?

A

Defined by one or more traits, characteristics, or features that make them different

78
Q

What kind of region is the Middle East?

A

perceptual

79
Q

What kind of region is a radio station?

A

Functional

80
Q

What kind of region is a pizza delivery area?

A

functional

81
Q

What kind of region is French Canada?

A

Formal

82
Q
A
83
Q

What is the distortion on a Peter’s map

A

The shapes

84
Q

What is the distortion of a conic map

A

Shapes, angles, distances, and directions are distorted

85
Q

Clustered

A

Spatial patterns where things gather closely in specific areas within a population area

86
Q

National scale of analysis

A

Scale by country or nation

87
Q

Regional scale of analysis

A

Scale larger than a single community or neighborhood, but smaller than an entire nation/country

88
Q

Local scale of analysis

A

Scale by community or neighborhood

89
Q

Elevation

A

Distance above sea level

90
Q

Scale of analysis

A

The size of map we use to observe geographical phenomena

91
Q

Parallels

A

Imaginary lines that divide earth

92
Q

Site

A

actual location of a settlement on earth

93
Q

Ptolemy

A

The man who recorded 8,000 locations as well as longitudes and latitudes for his maps

94
Q

Vemacular

A

Language spoken by people in a country or region

95
Q

Layers

A

Slice or stratum of the geographical reality in a certain area

96
Q

Eratosthenes

A
  • First to use the word geography
  • Made latitude and longitude
  • Made a map of the known world
97
Q

Map projection

A

The method of transferring the graticule of latitude and longitude on a plane surface

98
Q

Situation

A

The position of the settlement in relation to the surrounding area

99
Q

Example of a functional region

A

Trade route, transportation hub, or a shopping center

Human Geography (7 decks)

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