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Human Geography > Unit 2 Test - Immigration and Population > Flashcards

Unit 2 Test - Immigration and Population Flashcards

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1
Q

Net migration rate

A

Difference between the number of immigrants and emigrant in a place in a year

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2
Q

Migration flow

A

Number of immigrants entering or leaving a place during a period of time

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3
Q

What historically motivates internal migration?

A

Claiming land and budling settlements

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4
Q

What, during the modern day, motivate internal migration?

A

Seeking enter wages and economic opportunities

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5
Q

What are the three main paths of internal migration flows?

A
  • Rural to Urban
  • Urban to Suburban
  • East to West
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6
Q

What motivates transnational migration

A
  • Escaping violence or persecution
  • Employment
  • Improvement for quality of life
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7
Q

Migration flows:
Asia–>

Latin America–>

Poor Asian Countries–>

A
  • Europe
  • America
  • Rich Asian Countries
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8
Q

What was the main purpose of migration int he 17th century?

A

Colonial settlement

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9
Q

What was the main purpose of migration during the late 19th to 20th century?

A

Mass European migration

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10
Q

What was the main purpose of migration during the late 20th to 21st century?

A

Asian and Latin American Immigration

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11
Q

What is an unauthorized immigrant?

A

A person entering a country without proper permission or documentation

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12
Q

What are the seven main sources for unauthorized immigration in Canada and the US?

A
  • El Salvador
  • India
  • Guatemala
  • China
  • Honduras
  • Mexico
  • Nicaragua
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13
Q

Where do the majority of unauthorized immigrants settle in Canada?

A
  • Quebec
  • Montreal
  • Toronto
  • East Coast
  • Ontario
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14
Q

Why is Europe an attractive destination?

A

Relative peace, work opportunities, freedom of movement for work and leisure in the EU

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15
Q

What helps to propel the migration flow from Asia to Europe?

A
  • War
  • Violence
  • Poverty
  • Persecution
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16
Q

What are the main source countries of the migrant crisis in Europe?

A
  • Syria
  • Afghanistan
  • Turkey
  • Venezuela
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17
Q

What is selective immigration?

A

Process to control immigration that bars individuals of certain backgrounds and gives preference to those with favorable traits

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18
Q

What criteria is considered with selective immigration?

A
  • Skilled work/specific professions
  • Countries of origin
  • Family reunification
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19
Q

What is an immigration quota?

A

Laws that limit number of immigrants who can be admitted into a country every year

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20
Q

How do immigration quotas affect a society?

A
  • Xenophobia
  • Cultural perspectives
  • Economic protections
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21
Q

What is demography

A

The study of human populations

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22
Q

What are demographics

A

Statistical data relating to the population and groups within it

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23
Q

Why would governments or geographers want to study demographics

A
  • Make plans for the future
  • Find out how to help populations
  • Make plans for the future
  • Use resources appropriately
  • Understand current social and economic issues
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24
Q

Where in the world can you find sex ratio imbalances?

A
  • China
  • Vietnam
  • India
  • Papua New Guinea
  • Pakistan
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25
Q

Where in the world can you find the oldest populations?

A
  • China
  • Japan
  • Majority of countries in Europe
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26
Q

Where in the world can you find the fastest growing populations?

A

Central Africa

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27
Q

What is a Population Pyramid

A

Age-sex composition graph that provides information on birth and death rates, and life expectancy

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28
Q

What else can a Population Pyramid tell us?

A
  • Economic development
  • Migration
  • Natural disasters
  • Wars
  • Epidemics
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29
Q

What is a birth deficit?

A

Slowdown of births that occur during conflict, economic downturn, or cultural shifts

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30
Q

What is a Baby Boom?

A

A spike in birth rates that usually occur during or after times of war

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31
Q

What is a Baby Bust?

A

End of a baby boom that lasts util boomers reach childbearing age

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32
Q

What is an Echo?

A

A spike in birthrates after boomers reach childbearing age

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33
Q

What is the Crude Birth Rate

A

The number of live births per year for every 1,000 people

34
Q

What is the Crude Death Rate

A

Number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people

35
Q

What is the Natural Increase Rate

A

Difference between the CBR and CDR

36
Q

What does the Natural Increase Rate estimate?

A

Population growth of a country, minus any change from migration

37
Q

How do you calculate the NIR?

A

CBR-CDR

38
Q

What is Doubling Time?

A

Measure of how it will take for a country to double it’s population

39
Q

What is Doubling Time based on?

A

NIR

40
Q

How do you calculate doubling time?

A

70/divided by NIR

41
Q

What is the total fertility rate?

A

Average number of children born per woman (Age 15-49)

42
Q

What is the Total Fertility Rate needed to maintain a population and keep it steady/stable?

A

A fertility rate f 2:1 is needed to keep a population stable

43
Q

What is the Infant Mortality Rate?

A

Number of babies who die before their first birthday

44
Q

What are some reasons for a high Infant Mortality Rate?

A
  • Lack of healthcare
  • Inadequate housing
  • Poverty and/unemployment
  • Lack of food security
  • Lack of maternal education
45
Q

What is the Life Expectancy?

A

Number of years a person is expected to live in a given country

46
Q

What is an Epidemiological Transition model?

A

Predictable stages in disease and life expectancy that countries experience as they develop

47
Q

What stage is this?: “Parasitic and infectious diseases, accidents, animal attacks, or human conflict that cause the most deaths”

A

Stage 1

48
Q

What stage is this?: “Number of pandemics declines as a result of increased sanitation, nutrition, and medicine”

A

Stage 2

49
Q

What stage is this?: “Infectious and parasitic diseases continue to decrease, but diseases associated with aging increase as people live longer”

A

Stage 3

50
Q

What stage is this?: “Extension of stage 3, but age-related diseases are put off as medical procedures delay the onset of these diseases. Age related diseases increase”

A

Stage 4

51
Q

What stage is this?: Infectious and parasitic diseases increase as as some bacteria and parasites become resistant to antibiotics and vaccines”

A

Stage 5

52
Q

What is the Malthusian Theory?

A

Society is on the path to mass starvation as a result of food production not being able to keep up with the growing population, so people should top having so many kids

53
Q

What are Neo-Mathusians?

A

People who have adopted Malthus’ idea to modern conditions and believe overpopulation is a threat to society and must be controlled

54
Q

What are the four main criticisms of the Malthusian theory?

A
  • Supply of resources are is not fixed
  • Population growth can contribute to societal advancement and possibilities
55
Q

What is the Dependency Ratio?

A

Percentage of people working within a population who are to young/old to work and depend on of age workers for support

56
Q

What is demography?

A

The study of human populations

57
Q

What is population density

A

The number of people per unit of area

58
Q

What is population distribution?

A

The pattern of where people live

59
Q

What is a migrant

A

A person who moves permanently or semi-permanently from one place to another

60
Q

Immigrate

A

To come live permanently in a foreign country

61
Q

Emigrate

A

Leaving a country with the intent to settle elsewhere

62
Q

Internal migration

A

Permanent or semi-permanent movement within a country

63
Q

Transnational migration

A

Permanent of semi-permanent movement between countries

64
Q

Forced migration

A

People who do not chose to leave but do so due to threats/violence

65
Q

Slavery

A

Where one person is owned or controlled by another person

66
Q

Refugee

A

Someone who is forced to move due to armed conflict, violence, or other disasters

67
Q

Asylum seeker

A

Someone who enters a country without the proper documentation in hopes of being recognized as a refugee

68
Q

Internally Displaced Persons (IDP)

A

Someone who is forced to migrate for the same reasons as a refugee but does not move countries

69
Q

Voluntary migration

A

Migration by choice for better opportunities

70
Q

Chain migration

A

Individuals who follow the same migration path to join friends or family in an existing community

71
Q

Step migration

A

People reaching their eventual destination through small steps

72
Q

Guestworker

A

Person with permission to immigrate and work in a country

73
Q

Transhumance migration

A

Seasonal migration done by herders bae on availability of food for animals

74
Q

Push factor

A

Negative circumstances or evets that make people want to leave

75
Q

What are examples of push factors?

A
  • Lack or work/education opportunities
  • Economic issues
  • Poor quality of life
  • Lack of rights
  • Disasters or violence
76
Q

Intervening obstacles

A

Barriers that make it difficult for migrants to reach their destination

77
Q

5 examples of intervening obstacles

A
  • Lack of funds for the journey
  • Disapproval from family or friends
  • Inability to attain passport
  • Physical barriers
  • Tied down by dependence
78
Q

Pull factor

A

Positive conditions and circumstances that attract people to a country

79
Q

Examples of pull factors

A
  • Work/education opportunities
  • Higher wages
  • Economic stability
  • Friends and family
  • Better natural resources
  • Clean water and air
  • Gov. stability
  • No corruption
80
Q

Intervening opportunities

A

Something that causes a migrant to chose a destination other than the one they originally intended

81
Q

Four examples of intervening opportunities

A
  • Finding new jobs along migration route
  • Encountering ethnic enclave
  • Forming relationships
  • Finding free/affordable housing
82
Q
A

Human Geography (7 decks)

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