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Humanities II > Unit 3 test > Flashcards

Unit 3 test Flashcards

1
Q

Concert overture

A

A programmatic form that grew out of the eighteenth-century tradition of performing opera overtures in the concert hall and that consists of a single movement usually connected in some way with a narrative plot known to the audience.

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2
Q

The imagery and function of the bis pole in the Asmat culture is related to

A

head hunting and funeral rites.

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3
Q

The figure slumped over a desk in The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters is reported to be

A

Goya himself

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4
Q

Mana

A

among the Maori, an invisible spiritual substance that is the manifestation of the gods on earth.

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5
Q

Exposing a chemically prepared metal plate to light through a focused lens produces a type of image known as a

A

daguerreotype.

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6
Q 
The Stonebreakers    (1849)
A Burial at Ornans   (1849 – 1850)
A

Gustave Courbet

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7
Q

Beethoven (1820 portrait, oil on canvas)

A

Joseph Carl Stieler

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8
Q

The Declaration of Independence (1776)

A

Thomas Jefferson

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9
Q

By the term “noble savage,” Jean-Jacques Rousseau meant that

A

humans are naturally good and are only corrupted by society.

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10
Q

Dialect

A

an evolutionary process in which the prevailing set of ideas, called the “thesis,” finds itself opposed by a conflicting set of ideas, the “anthithesis.” This conflict resolves itself in a “synthesis,” which inevitably established itself as the new thesis.

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11
Q

The Declaration of Independence, 4 July 1776 (1786 – 97)

A

John Trumbull

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12
Q

Deist

A

one who accepts the idea that God created the universe but does not believe that God is actively involved in its day-to-day workings.

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13
Q

Apart from Britain and Sweden, which European country remained free of Napoleon’s domination?

A

Portugal

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14
Q

In Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s Faust, the title character abandons his love, Gretchen, after which she

A

loses her mind and murders their illegitimate child.

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15
Q

Old Hetton Colliery, Newcastle (ca. 1840) Oil on canvas.

A

Anon

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16
Q 
Op. 9, 3 Nocturnes (1830 – 1831)
Op. 10, 12 Études  (1829 – 1832)
Op.15, 3 Nocturnes (1830 – 1833)
Fantaisie impromptu  (1834)
Op. 53, Polonaise in Ab major (“Heroic”)  (1842)
A

Frédéric Chopin

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17
Q

The practice of commercial photography arose in the mid-nineteenth century in part to meet

A

public desire for views of the world’s scenic wonders.

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18
Q

Interior of Tintern Abbey (1794) Watercolor
The Fall of an Avalanche in the Grisons (1810)
The Upper Falls of the Reichenback (ca. 1810 – 1815)
Snow Storm – Steam-Boat off a Harbour’s Mouth (1842)
Rain, Steam and Speed (1844)

A

J.M.W. Turner

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19
Q

Mephistopheles Appearing to Faust in his Study, illustration to Goethe’s Faust (1828)

A

Eugène Delacroix

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20
Q

The Beggar’s Opera (1728)

A

John Gay

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21
Q

Drawing showing the stowage of the British Slave Ship “Brookes” Under the Regulated Slave Trade (Act of 1788) (1788)
To Versailles, To Versailles, October 5, 1789. (engraving; 1789?)

A

Anon?

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22
Q

The Embarkation from Cythera (1718-1719)
The Signboard of Gersaint (ca. 1721)

A

Jean-Antoine Watteau

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23
Q

Le Chinois Galant (1742)
The Toilet of Venus (1751)
Madame de Pompadour (1756)

A

Francoise Boucher

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24
Q

Which condition created the greatest impact upon the social dynamics of working-class families after industrialization?

A

factory wages allowing families to subsist on one income

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25
Q

Which of the following terms applies to a novel written in the form of letters?

A

epistolary

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26
Q

In Leviathan, the philosopher Thomas Hobbes argued that people are driven by two things:

A

fear of death and the desire for power.

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27
Q

The assumption that a free marketplace unimpeded by government regulation promoted economic growth was based upon the ideas of

A

Adam Smith

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28
Q

The industrialists in Charles Dickens’ Hard Times are referred to as the

A

Utilitarians

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29
Q

Lord Byron, 6th Baron Byron, in Albanian Costume (1835) (copy of the 1813 original)

A

Thomas Philips

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30
Q

Courbet’s monumental canvas The Stonebreakers was daring for its time because it

A

depicted the mundane conditions of the working class on a grand scale.

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31
Q

Bust of Benjamin Franklin (1778)
George Washingto (sculpture in the round, 1788, Fig. 26.16)
Bust of Thomas Jefferson (1789)

A

Jean-Antoine Houdon

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32
Q

Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations

A

1776

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33
Q

Oratorio

A

a lengthy choral work, usually employing religious subject matter, performed by a narrator, soloists, choruses, and orchestra

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34
Q

Who is credited with fashioning the main points of what would become the liberal feminist agenda?

A

Mary Wollenscraft

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35
Q

Pamela (1740)

A

Samuel Richardson

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36
Q

Liberalism

A

a political theory that argues that people are by nature free, equal, and independent and that they consent to government for protection but not by surrendering sovereighty to a ruler.

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37
Q

Goethe’s Faust tragedy (pt. II) (Year)

A

1832

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38
Q

Madame Bovary (1856)

A

Gustave Flaubert

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39
Q

Heiligenstadt Testament (1802)
Symphony No. 3 nicknamed the Eroica (1802 – 1804)
Symphony No. 5, known as Beethoven’s Fifth (1804 – 1808)
Piano Sonata No. 30 in E Major, op. 109, nicknamed the Moonlight Sonata (completed 1820)

A

Ludwig van Beethoven

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40
Q

When Percy Bysshe Shelley called poets “the unacknowledged legislators of the world,” he was

A

expressing his belief in art as a power for reform and change.

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41
Q

Common Sense (January, 1776)

A

Thomas Paine

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42
Q

Johann Sebastian Bach, Brandenburg concertos (Year)

A

1721

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43
Q

Declaration on the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen (1791)

A

Olympe de Gouges

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44
Q

The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774)
Faust, Part 1 (1808)
Faust, Part II (1832)

A

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

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45
Q

Castrato

A

a male singer who, in order to retain his high voice, was castrated before puberty

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46
Q

The term bourgeoisie refers to

A

middle-class merchants and business people.

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47
Q

The first photographs

William Fox Talbot in England & Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre in France (Year)

A

1839

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48
Q

Caspar David Friedrich, The Wanderer above the Mists (Year)

A

1817-1818

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49
Q

Picturesque

A

A view defined by “roughness and sudden variation joined to irregularity.”

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50
Q

In his own words, Francisco Goya painted the graphically brutal The Third of May, 1808 in order to

A

Warn men to never do it again

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51
Q

Nocturne

A

a character piece evocative of the night.

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52
Q

Plan for Washington, D. C. (engraving; detail) (1791)

A

Pierre-Charles L’Enfant

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53
Q

The painter Jean-Antoine Watteau is a notable exponent of the Rococo style, best known for his paintings of fêtes galantes, which were

A

parties enjoyed in a pastoral or garden setting.

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54
Q

The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, from the Caprichos (1796 - 98)
The Family of Charles IV (1800) (prep PPT)
Great Courage! Against Corpses! #39 from The Disasters of War series (1810 – 1814)
The Third of May, 1808 (1814 – 1815)
Self-Portrait (1815)
Satan Devouring One of His Children (1820 – 1823)

A

Francisco Goya

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55
Q

Scherzo

A

An Italian term meaning “joke,” denoting a type of musical composition, especially one that is fast and vibrant and that may present a surprise. In the symphony, the scherzo replaced the minuet.

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56
Q

Polynesia encompasses a triangular section of the Pacific defined by Easter Island to the southeast and New Zealand in the southwest. What is the third point to the north?

A

Hawaiin Islands

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57
Q

People in the African diaspora were best able to preserve their

A

Music

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58
Q

polonaise

A

a stylized version of the Polish dance.

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59
Q

African Diaspora

A

The forced scattering of millions of Africans as a result of the Atlantic crossing

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60
Q

Chinoiserie

A

a term used to define the European taste for “all things Chinese.”

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61
Q

Journal of Captain Cook’s Last Voyage in the Pacific (1783)

A

John Ledyard

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62
Q

Goya’s Third of May, 1808 (Year)

A

1814-1815

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63
Q

Scenes from the Massacre at Chios (1824)
Liberty Leading the People (1830)
Odalisque (1845 – 1850)

A

Eugène Delacroix

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64
Q

What was the largest colonial American city at the time a separation from Britain was declared?

A

Philadelphia

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65
Q

Adam Style

A

[French: literally “let it happen as it will”] an economic policy that argues that people should be free to do whatever they might to enrich themselves

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66
Q

John Singleton Copley, Watson and the Shark (Year)

A

1778

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67
Q

Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687)

A

Isaac Newton

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68
Q

Punch bowl with view of Canton (1783 – 86) “Hongs” were trading posts.

A

Hong Bowl

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69
Q

Moai, ca. 1000 – 1600

A

Easter Island

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70
Q

Both Charles Dickens and Thomas Carlyle were

A

critics of living conditions in industrial London.

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71
Q

Portrait of a Maori (1769)

A

Polynesia

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72
Q

Frankenstein; or the Modern Prometheus (1831)

A

Mary Shelley

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73
Q

The Wealth of Nations (1776)

A

Adam Smith

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74
Q

The term guerrillas refers to

A

the “little wars” perpetrated by the Spanish against Napoleon’s troops.

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75
Q

Portrait of an Insane Man (1822-23)

Frédéric Chopin (1838)

A

Théodore Géricault

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76
Q

Gargantua (1831) Lithograph.
Rue Transnonain, April 15, 1835 (1834) Lithograph.
The Third-Class Carriage (ca. 1862)

A

Honoré Daumier

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77
Q

Caricature

A

a portrait that exaggerates a person’s peculiarities or defects

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78
Q

Republicanism

A

sympathy for a republican form of government, that is, a government having a chief of state who is not a monarch

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79
Q

Which nation profited most from the slave trade?

A

England

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80
Q

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Year)

A

1756-91

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81
Q

The Valpinçon Bather (1808)
The Grand Odalisque (1814)
The Vow of Louis XIII (1824)
The Turkish Bath (1862)

A

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

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82
Q

Oroonoko, or The Royal Slave (1688)

A

Aphra Behn

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83
Q

Robinson Crusoe (1719)

A

Daniel Defoe

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84
Q

Napoleon rules France

A

1799-1815

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85
Q

The music term scherzo refers to

A

a fast, vibrant, and surprising movement.

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86
Q

Etude

A

In music, a composition that addresses particular technical challenges [usually in meant to provide practice material for a particular skill.

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87
Q

In contrast to the practices of both Neoclassicism and Romanticism, Honoré Daumier sought in his art to reveal

A

the truth of everyday experience.

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88
Q

Kukailimoku, ca. 1790 – 1810

A

Hawaii

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89
Q

After being kidnapped as a child and enslaved in a household in Boston, Phillis Wheatley

A

became the first black American to publish a book.

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90
Q

Bourgeoise

A

Middle-class merchants, shopkeepers, and businessmen.

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91
Q

Plowing in the Nivernais: The Dressing of the Vines (1849)

A

Rosa Bohneur

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92
Q

The French term rocaille and Italian term barocco combined to create which art term?

A

Racoco

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93
Q

Isaac Newton, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Year)

A

1687

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94
Q

Which statement best summarizes Captain James Cook’s reaction to the people his expedition encountered in Alaska?

A

He admired the surprisingly humane, high-minded, and cultured people there.

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95
Q

Deists believed that

A

God created the universe but didn’t interfere with its daily workings.

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96
Q

Paradise Lost (first published in 1667)

A

John Milton

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97
Q

One critical impact of industrialization in London prompted petitions to Parliament and social critics’ warnings in the early decades of the nineteenth century to address

A

disease caused by polluted river water.

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98
Q

Moai

A

monumental heads with torsos found on Easter Island that probably represent ancestral figures.

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99
Q

Past and Present (1843)

A

Thomas Carlyle

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100
Q

What did early Chinese garden scenes represent?

A

European gardens were embellished with elements inspired by China.

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101
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

the term used to describe a change in practices of production and consumption that occurred in the nineteenth century

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102
Q

Photogenic Drawing

A

A process for fixing negative images on paper coated with light-sensitive chemicals, developed by William Henry Fox Talbot in the early 1800s.

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103
Q

Op. 01: multiple Lieder, Etudes, and compositions for orchestra (1830 – 33)
Op. 23, nr. 6: one Lied & multiple compositions for piano (1853 – 1895)

A

Clara Schumann-Wieck

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104
Q

According to the philosophes, the universe proceeded according to what they termed

A

Natural law

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105
Q

Arguing for a new republicanism, Thomas Paine published Common Sense in January 1776, advocating

A

a new government with a chief of state who was not a monarch.

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106
Q

The Oath of the Horatii (1784 – 85)
The Lictors Returning to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons (1789)
The Tennis Court Oath (1789 – 91)
Marie-Antionette conduite au supplice (Queen Marie-Antionette on the way to the guillotine) (1793)
The Death of Marat (1793)
Napoleon Crossing the Saint-Bernard (1800 – 1801)

A

Jacques-Louis David

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107
Q

Watson and the Sharks (1778)

A

John Singleton Copley

108
Q

A leviathan is?

A

A sea monster

109
Q

The journalistic essay had its origins in

A

Addison and Steele’s The Spectator.

110
Q

Ennui

A

[French] a term that denotes both listlessness and a profound nelancholy.

111
Q

Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Swing (Year)

A

1767

112
Q

Ballades

A

a highly dramatic narrative form.

113
Q

Napoleon’s final defeat was achieved by

A

The English and Prussians at Waterloo, Belgium.

114
Q

The Estates General that King Louis XVI was forced to convene on May 5, 1789, was comprised of representatives of the

A

clergy, nobility, bourgeoisie, and peasants.

115
Q

A fundamental principle of Enlightenment thought is that

A

A fundamental principle of Enlightenment thought is that

116
Q

What literary term applies to the pattern of rhyme in this pair of lines?
Alike in ignorance, his reason such,
Whether he thinks too little, or too much

A

Heroic Couplet

117
Q

Rock art dating from “living memory” to 40,000 BCE; this is “the longest continuously practiced artistic tradition anywhere in the world”

A

Australian Aboriginal culture,

Mimis and kangaroo

118
Q

Lassiez affair

A

[French: literally “let it happen as it will”] an economic policy that argues that people should be free to do whatever they might to enrich themselves

119
Q

Philosophy of History (1805 – 1806)

A

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

120
Q

The term social contract refers to

A

giving up sovereignty over oneself to a ruler who agrees to keep the peace.

121
Q

“Rime of the Ancient Mariner” (1798)

A

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

122
Q

Napoleon on His Imperial Throne (1806)

A

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

123
Q

Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1812)

“Prometheus” (1816)

A

George Gordon, Lord Byron

124
Q

Private letters between which statesman and his wife warned that, “we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation”?

A

John Adams

125
Q

Olaudah Equiano’s autobiography describes slave living conditions (Year)

A

1789

126
Q

Despite her belief that “your sex are naturally tyrannical,” Abigail Adams’ letter to her husband, John Adams, argued that men who “wish to be happy” should alter their relationship towards women by changing the role of “master” to

A

Friend

127
Q

Captain Cook encounters Aboriginal cultures in Australia (Year)

A

1770

128
Q

William Hogarth’s Marriage à la Mode is the opening scene of a group of paintings that

A

ridicule the moral bankruptcy of British society.

129
Q

Rococo music was characterized by

A

a delicate and light sound written for the harpsichord.

130
Q

Journalistic Essay

A

a reportorial set of observations or current events or other issues of interest to the author

131
Q

Am I Not a Man and a Brother? (black-and-white jasperware, 1787)

A

William Hackwood, for Josiah Wedgwood

132
Q

Marie-Antoinette en chemise (1783)

A

Marie-Louise-Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun

133
Q

Encyclopédie (1751 – 1772)

A

Denis Deriot

134
Q

History of Ancient Art (1764)

A

Johann Winkelmann

135
Q

Toward the end of his life, Francisco Goya painted a series of “black paintings,” which

A

express a sense of insurmountable despair.

136
Q

A caricature is

A

an exaggeration of a person’s peculiarities or defects.

137
Q

The proletariat was the class of

A

Laborers and workers

138
Q

Lieder

A

Franz Schubert (1797 – 1828) & Robert Schuman (1810 – 1856)

139
Q

Literary realism

A

The depiction of contemporary life emphasizing fidelity to everyday experience and the facts and conditions of everyday life.

140
Q

An Enlightenment sensibility is best expressed by which element of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice?

A

the lessons learned about society and characters’ recognition of their own flaws

141
Q 
The Countess’s Levée, or Morning Party,  from Marriage à la Mode (1773-1745)
Gin Lane (1751)
A

William Hogarth

142
Q

Sketches by Boz (1836)
The Old Curiosity Shop (1840)
Dombey and Sons (1846 – 1848)
Hard Times (1854)

A

Charles Dickens

143
Q

A laissez-faire economic policy, by definition, favors

A

Free trade

144
Q

Mbira

A

An instrument made of a small wooden box or ground – to which it attached a row of thin metal strips that vibrate when plucked – that acts as a resonator.

145
Q

A distinguishing feature of Rococo style is

A

curvilinear forms.

146
Q

Negro Hung Alive by the Ribs to a Gallows (engraving after an original drawing by John Gabriel Stedman) (1796)
A Surinam Planter in His Morning Dress (engraved illustration to John Gabriel Stedman’s Narrative of a Five Years’ Expedition against the Revolted Slaves of Surinam.) (1796)

A

William Blake

147
Q

James Watt invents the steam engine (Year)

A

1776

148
Q

Both Mary Wollstonecraft and Olympe de Gouges broadened the agenda of the Enlightenment by

A

Demanding equal rights for women

149
Q

Le Chinois Galant (1742)

A

Francois Boucher

150
Q

Sydney Parkinson, Portrait of a Maori (Year)

A

1769

151
Q

Napoleon at Eylau (1808)

A

Antoine-Jean Gros

152
Q

Heroic Couplet

A

a rhyming pair of iambic pentameter lines (Note from your tex: in“the meter of Shakespeare,these lines consist of five short-long syllabic units”)

153
Q

Leviathan (1651)

A

Thomas Hobbes

154
Q

Symphony No. 94, popularly known as the Surprise Symphony (1791)

A

Joseph Hayden

155
Q

Orange Court – Drury Lane (1869) Illustration for London: A Pilgrimage, 1872, by Gustave Doré and Blanchard Jerrold.

A

Gustave Doré

156
Q

The term pianoforte refers to

A

the advanced version of the keyboard instrument’s ability to produce soft and loud tones.

157
Q

The Raft of the “Medusa” (1818)

A

Théodore Géricault

158
Q

Which theme is examined in Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein; or the Modern Prometheus?

A

ambition and power can become unmanageable

159
Q

Rococo

A

the highly decorative and ornate style employed by the French court that was quickly emulated by royal courts across Europe, especially in Germany.

160
Q

Thomas Philips, Portrait of Byron (Year)

A

1835

161
Q

Rain, Steam, Speed – The Great Western Railway (1844) ]

A

[ J. M. W. Turner _repeat

162
Q

Songs that set the poetry of Friedrich Schiller and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to music are called

A

lieder

163
Q

Dictionary of the English Language (1755)

A

Samuel Johnson

164
Q

Samuel Johnson’s “Marriage has many pains, but celibacy has no pleasures” is an example of

A

an aphorism

165
Q

By 1850, Maxime Du Camp became known for commercial photographs of

A

architectural and scenic wonders [of the world.]

166
Q

Monk by the Sea (1809 – 1810)

Wanderer above the Mists, (ca. 1817- 1818)

A

Casper David Friedrich

167
Q

The English Factory Act of 1833 somewhat improved conditions for child laborers by

A

requiring factory owners to provide them 2 hours of education a day.

168
Q

daguerreotype

A

A photographic process developed in the early 1800s that yielded a positive image on a polished metal plate; named after one of its two inventors, Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre.

169
Q

“Tintern Abbey” (1798)

“The Rainbow” (1802)

A

William Wordsworth

170
Q

Epistolary Novel

A

a novel made up of a series of epistles, or letters.

171
Q

Like many of the novels of the period, both Charles Dickens’s Hard Times and Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary

A

were first published in serial form in magazines.

172
Q

Poems on Various Subjects: Religious and Moral (1773)

A

Phyllis Wheatly

173
Q

Salon

A

originally: a room designed especially for social gatherings; later, also referred to the social gathering itself.

174
Q

The view that history is an evolutionary process in which conflicting ideas [continually] resolve themselves in new syntheses is an example of the

A

Heglian character

175
Q

In John Milton’s Paradise Lost, the tensions between absolute rule and the civil liberty of the individual are expressed through dialogues between?

A

God and Lucifer

176
Q

Gulliver’s Travels (1726)

A Modest Proposal (1729)

A

Johnathan Swift

177
Q

Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe (Year)

A

1719

178
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft, Vindication of the Rights of Women

A

1792

179
Q

Essay on Human Understanding (1651)

The Second Treatise of Government (1690)

A

John Locke

180
Q

North American slaveholders grouped Africans of differing backgrounds together in order to

A

Reduce the possibility of rebellion

181
Q

Symphonie fantastique (1830)

A

Hector Berlioz

182
Q

The Swing (1767)

A

Jean- Honoré Fragonard

183
Q

Discourse on the Origin of Inequality among Men (1755)
Émile (1762)
The Social Contract (1762)
Confession (1780)

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

184
Q

Fall of the Bastille [Prison] in Paris

A

1789

185
Q

In France, the events leading to revolution were most directly brought about by

A

The national debt

186
Q

View of the Wilderness at Kew (1763)

A

William Marlow

187
Q

Jacobin

A

a member of a radical minority of France’s National Assembly who favored the elimination of the monarchy and the institution of egalitarian democracy.

188
Q

William Hogarth, Gin Lane (Year)

A

1751

189
Q

Great man theory

A

a theory asserting that human history is driven by the achievement of men who lead human kind forward because they have sensed by intuition the “world-spirit.”

190
Q 
Buckler Fern (1839)  photogenic drawing negative (calotype process)
The Open Door (1843)   salted paper print from a calotype negative.  
published in the first book fully illustrated by photographs, Fox Talbot’s The Pencil of Nature (1844-45)
A

William Henry Fox Talbot

191
Q

The Sower (1850)

A

Jean-François Millet

192
Q

Who undertook one of the earliest efforts to document war photographically?

A

British photographer Roger Fenton

193
Q

What is the significance of Cupid’s gesture on the left-hand side of Fragonard’s The Swing?

A

It signifies the secret love affair between the girl on the swing and her lover in the bushes.

194
Q

Caspar David Friedrich’s dramatic image can be said to illustrate the Romantic concept of the

A

Sublime

195
Q

The Habeas Corpus Act related to

A

Arrest and Trials

196
Q

Le Boulevard du Temple (1839)

A

Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre

197
Q

Candide, or Optimism (1758)

A

Voltaire

198
Q

Lieder

A

Songs, generally written for solo voice and piano.

199
Q

Natural Law

A

law derived from nature and binding upon human society.

200
Q

Pride and Prejudice (1813)

A

Jane Asten

201
Q

“Ode to a Nightingale” (1819)

“Ode on a Grecian Urn” (1819)

A

John Keats

202
Q

For writing that the future government of France should be determined by popular referendum, not by the National Convention, Olympe de Gouges was

A

Sent to the guillotine

203
Q

Classical Music

A

the belief that through logical, careful thought, progress is inevitable.

204
Q

Aphorism

A

a concise and clever observation.

205
Q

The term tabula rasa refers to

A

the human mind being a “blank slate” at birth.

206
Q

In his best-selling autobiography, published in England in 1789, Olaudah Equiano described

A

conditions on board a transatlantic slave ship.

207
Q

Which element of Pugin’s design for the new Houses of Parliament appears to contradict the architect’s avowed “rule” that “there should be no features about a building which are not necessary for convenience, construction, or propriety”?

A

its elaborate ornamentation

208
Q

The social elite of eighteenth-century Prussia were

A

the officer corps of German nobility.

209
Q

Placing an object directly upon chemically prepared paper, then exposing it to light produces a type of “negative” image known as a

A

photogenic drawing.

210
Q

Ludwig van Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony was highly innovative in its incorporation of

A

a chorus singing a Friedrich Schiller poem.

211
Q

Estate

A

a social rank, namely, the nobility, the clergy, and the common people.

212
Q

A poem of exaltation, exhibiting deep feeling, is called

A

An ode

213
Q

Daguerreotypes such as Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre’s Le Boulevard du Temple caused French artist Paul Delaroche to declare

A

painting to be dead, because of the potential for photography to usurp painting’s role in representing the world.

214
Q

The Brioche (1763)

A

Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin

215
Q

English Garden

A

a type of garden design of artificial naturalness that became popular in England beginning in the early 1700s with irregular features and winding walkways.

216
Q

The longest continuously practiced artistic tradition anywhere in the world is the

A

Aboriginal rock art of Australia.

217
Q

Jasperware

A

a type of stoneware produced by Josiah Wedgwood that was ornamented in Neoclassical style with a white relief on a colored ground.

218
Q

Great Fire of London (Year)

A

1666

219
Q

As evident in this example, the later landscape paintings of the English painter Joseph Mallord William Turner are notable for their

A

Depiction of the raw experience of nature

220
Q

Beethoven, Ninth Symphony (Year)

A

1824

221
Q

bis poles mid-20th century examples

A

New Guinea, Asmat people

222
Q

Narrative of a Five Years’ Expedition against the Revolted Slaves of Surinam (1796)

A

John Gabriel Stedman

223
Q

Federal style

A

the term for the Neoclassical style as it appeared in the United States

224
Q

Napoleon’s rise to power began with a coup d’état against

A

The French Directory

225
Q

The artist associated with large-scaled and realistically detailed representations of animals and working-class labor is

A

Rosa Bonheur.

226
Q

Charles Barry’s design for the new Houses of Parliament expressed a balance of powers through

A

the symmetry of its layout.

227
Q

Angelica Kauffmann achieved unprecedented success as

A

A female history painter

228
Q

Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker (1802 – 1806)

Paolina Borghese as Venus (1808)

A

Antonio Canova

229
Q

Fete galante

A

a gallant and, by extension, amorous celebration or party.

230
Q

Classical music first developed in

A

Vienna

231
Q

Although the French and the American revolutions differed in many ways, both

A

looked to Classical antiquity for models on which to build a new society.

232
Q

A linking interest of Romantic poets was the contemplation of

A

Nature

233
Q

Style Galant

A

a Rococo style of music characterized by graceful melodies, many of them dance pieces with charmingly simple harmonies.

234
Q

The Church of La Madeleine (Paris, 1806 – 1842)

A

Pierre-Alexandre Vignon

235
Q

Idee Fixe

A

A French term meaning “fixed idea,” or an idea that dominates one’s mind for a prolonged period.

236
Q 
The Colors of Mount Taihang   (dated 1669)
Qing dynasty (1644-1911)
A

Wang Hui

237
Q

An eighteenth-century publisher’s claim of “twenty readers to every paper” was indicative of

A

the sharing of publications among the poorer classes who could not purchase copies.

238
Q 
Scottish Symphony (Symphony No. 3 in A minor)  (1829 – 1842)
Concert overture The Hebrides (“Fingal’s Cave)   (1830)
Italian Symphony (Symphony No. 4 in A major)  (premiered 1833 )
A

Felix Mendelssohm

239
Q

J.M.W. Turner and John Constable shared in a belief that

A

Nature incites imagination

240
Q

Lithography

A

Literally “stone writing,” this printing process depends on the fact that oil and water do not mix.

241
Q

More than any other philosophe, Voltaire

A

saw the value of non-Western cultures and traditions.

242
Q

The Human Comedy (series of 92 novels published between 1829 and 1847), incl. Eugénie Grandet (1833); Father Goriot (Père Goriot) (1835); the trilogy Lost Illusions (Illustions Perdues) (1837 – 43); and Cousin Bette) (La Cousine Bette) (1846).

A

Honoré de Balzac

243
Q

Rational Humanism

A

the belief that through logical, careful thought, progress is inevitable.

244
Q

The American Declaration of Independence (Year)

A

1776

245
Q

Calotype

A

An early photographic process in which sensitized paper, exposed for a few seconds, holds a latent image that is brought out and developed by dipping the paper in gallic acid.

246
Q

Messiah (1742)

A

George Frederick Handel

247
Q 
Don Giovanni (premiered 29 Oct 1787)
Symphony No. 40 (summer 1788)
A

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

248
Q

A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)

A

Mary Wollstonecraft

249
Q

the human mind being a “blank slate” at birth.

A

humans are “by nature free, equal, and independent.”

250
Q

Egeria Handing Numa Pompilius His Shield (1794)

A

Angelica Kauffmann

251
Q

A Man of Oonalashka (engraving) ca. 1778

A

Alaska (Northwest North America at this time)

252
Q

How did the British react to Thomas Jefferson’s attitude toward slavery?

A

In Britain, Jefferson was considered a hypocrite.

253
Q

Dramma Giocosco

A

literally “comic drama,” Mozart’s name for his last four operas, which combine both opera seria and opera buffa styles.

254
Q

Coup detat

A

[French] a violent overthrow of government.

255
Q

Laocoön: or, An Essay upon the Limits of Painting and Poetry (1766)

A

Gotthold Ephriam Lessing

256
Q

Odalisque

A

A female slave or concubine in a Middle Eastern, particularly Turkish, harem.

257
Q

Pierre-Charles L’Enfant, Plan for Washington, D. C. (Year)

A

1791

258
Q

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Philosophy of History (Year)

A

1805-1806

259
Q

The Valley of the Stour with Dedham in the Distance (ca. 1800)
Landscape with a Double Rainbow (1812)
Willy Lott’s House, East Berghold (ca. 1820)
The Hay Wain (1821)

A

John Constable

260
Q

Katsushika Hokusai’s Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji series, incl. The Great Wave (Year)

A

1823-1839

261
Q

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in the Roman Campana (1787)

A

J.H.W. Tischbein

262
Q

Salonierre

A

the hostess of a French salon

263
Q

One advantage of lithography over daguerreotype photography was

A

its reproducibility in multiples.

264
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman represented

A

a criticism of Rousseau’s traditional view of women’s roles.

265
Q

Opera buffa differs from opera seria in its inclusion of

A

everyday people for its characters.

266
Q

De capo Aria

A

a type of aria in the ABA form in which the singer was expected to embellish the music, especially in the return of the A.

267
Q

An Essay on Man (1732 – 34)

A

Alexander Pope

Humanities II (5 decks)

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