Unit 2 Flashcards
The glory of Henry VIII’s court was reflected in which new title instituted by the king?
Your Majesty
When Thomas More published Utopia in 1516, it was not only a description of an ideal state, but also a-?
Critique of English Politics
Which features illustrates a convention of English portraiture?
Three Quarter profile
Philip II of Spain was motivated to launch the Spanish Armada against England because he-?
wanted to avenge the execution of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots.
Class distinctions in Tudor England were transformed by
the sale of monastic lands to the new gentry.
The literary term that means “little song” is
Sonnet
In this line of poetry, “Where whenas death shall all the world subdue,” words beginning with the same sounds illustrate the literary device of
Alliteration
The rise and development of English drama coincided with
the growth of the middle class and upper classes.
The term miracle play refers to
A drama based upon legends of a saint or sacred object.
Christopher Marlowe’s The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus developed out of conventions associated with
Morality plays
During his lifetime, William Shakespeare was
An acknowledged master of the English stage
The colony of Virginia was named after
Queen Elizabeth, who was sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess.
Where was the first successful permanent English colony established in the New World?
Jamestown
Why was Thomas Hariot’s A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia particularly important to Sir Walter Raleigh?
He sought to advertise the commercial potential of the New World.
John White, THE VILLAGE OF SECOTAN, ca. 1585. Watercolor on paper, 12 3/4” × 7 3/4”. © The Trustees of the British Museum.
Which of the following statements is an accurate description of this image?
It suggests the fertility of American lands while documenting the settled life of native peoples.
Sixteenth-century England’s political climate discouraged the production of
Religious art
The “nonconformists” who were ultimately exiled by Elizabeth I or faced execution were called
Puritans
After the defeat of the Spanish Armada, Elizabeth could rightly claim
The supremacy of England in world affairs
Comparing these portraits of Henry and Elizabeth, which feature calls attention to Holbein’s superior skill over English painters who came later, such as Gower?
Three dimensional representation of the body
When abstract virtues and vices or other abstract qualities are given human form in a literary work, this device is known as
Personification
In what way did the design of the Elizabethan playhouse expand its audience?
It opened groundling space with inexpensive standing room.
Shakespeare is especially renowned for his mastery of blank verse. This refers to
lines composed in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
Council of Trent convened to plan Catholic Church reform; Pope Paul II initiates the Inquisition
1542-63
Lifetime of William Shakespeare, poet and playwright
1564-1616
Galileo Galilei observes moon’s craters (“Continuity and Change section”)
1609-10
Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith and Maidservant with Head of Holofernes
1625
Taj Mahal
1632-48
Louis XIV, the “Sun King,” reigns
1643-1715
Bernini, The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
1645-52
Johannes Vermeer, Lady at the Virginal with a Gentleman
1662-64
Great Fire of London
1666
Isaac Newton, Principia Mathematica
1687
Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe
1719
Johann Sebastian Bach, Brandenburg concertos
1721
Thomas More (Works and date)
Utopia (1516)
Henry VII
A Defense of the Seven Sacraments against Martin Luther (1521)
Hans Holbein the Younger
Thomas More (1527) Nicolaus Kratzer (1528) The Ambassadors (1533) Henry VIII in Wedding Dress (1540)
Anthonis Mor
Mary Tudor (1554)
Thomas Wyatt
“List to Hunt” (sonnet, 1557)
Attributed to Federigo Zuccaro
The Darnley Portrait of Elizabeth I (ca. 1575)
Elizabeth I
“On Monsieur’s Departure” (poem, 1582)
John White
The Village of Secotan (ca. 1585, watercolor)
Attributed to George Gower
The Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I (ca. 1588)
William Byrd
Psalms, Sonnets, & Songs (1588)
William Shakespeare
Richard II (1594) Sonnet 18 (1609) Sonnet 130 (1609) “What a piece of work is a man?” (From Hamlet) The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (dates will vary; first unauthorized publication was a quarto edition in 1603)
Thomas Hariot
A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia (1590)
Edmund Spencer
Sonnet 75, from the Amoretti (1595)
Christopher Marlowe
The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus (1604)
Simon van de Passe
Pocahontas (1616)
Jan Brueghel the Elder and Peter Paul Rubens
Allegory of Sight, from Allegories of the Five Senses (ca. 1617 – 18)
Chateau de Chambord, near Blois, France
Built by Francis I, 1519 – 1547; example of French Renaissance architecture
Parmigianino
Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror (1524)
The Madonna with the Long Neck (1535)
Jacopo da Pontormo
Descent from the Cross (ca. 1525 – 1528)
Correggio
Jupiter and Io (early 1530’s)
Michelangelo
Last Judgment (1534 – 1541) Florence Pietà (1547 – 1553)
Bronzino
Saint Sebastian (ca. 1533) Allegory with Venus and Cupid (1540s)
Benvenuto Cellini
Saltcellar of Francis I (1539 – 1543)
Perseus (1545 – 1554)
Agnolo Bronzino
Allegory with Venus and Cupid (1540’s)
Sofonisba Anguissola
Bernardino Campi Painting Sofonisba Anguissola (late 1550’s)
Giovanni Palestrina
Missarum liber primus (1554)
Titian
The Rape of Europa (1559 – 1562)
Giuseppe Arcimboldo
Summer (1563)
*One of The Four Seasons cycle
Teresa of Ávila (aka. St. Teresa)
The Way to Perfection (written before 1567)
Veronese
Feast in the House of Levi (1573)
Giovanni Balogne
Rape of the Sabine Women (1579 – 1583)
Tintoretto
The Last Supper (1592 – 1594)
Lavinia Fontana
Consecration of the Virgin (1599)
El Greco
Resurrection (1597 – 1604)
Miguel de Cervantes
Don Quixote (1605)
Artemesia Gentileschi
La Pittura (Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting) (1630)
Leon Battista Alberti
Façade of Santa Maria Novella, Florence 1458 – 1457
Gentile Bellini
Procession of the Reliquary of the True Cross in Piazza san Marco (1496)
Giacomo della Porta
Façade of Il Gesu, Rome (ca. 1575 – 1584)
Giovanni Gabrieli
Canzona Duodecimi Toni
(Canzone in the Twelfth Mode [or Tone])
(1597)
Caravaggio
Bacchus, (ca. 1597)
Judith Beheading Holofernes* (ca. 1598)
The Calling of Saint Matthew (ca. 1599 – 1600)
Conversion of Saint Paul (1601)
Claudio Monteverdi
Orfeo (1607)
Artemesia Gentileschi
Judith Beheading Holofernes* (1611-1612)
Judith and her Maidservant* (1612 - 1613)
Judith Beheading Holofernes* (1612 - 1621)
Judith and Maidservant with Head of Holofernes (ca. 1625)
John Donne
“Batter My Heart” sonnet, published in Holy Sonnets (1618)
“The Flea,” “metaphysical poem” (1633)
Gianlorenzo Bernini
David (1623)
Baldachino at crossing of St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican, Rome (1624 –1633)
The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, Cornaro Chapel, Sant Maria della Vittoria, Rome (1645 – 52)
Four Rivers Fountain, Rome (1648 – 51)
Design for the east façade of the Palais du Louvre, Paris (1664)
Francesco Borromini
Dome of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome 1638 – 41
Façade of San Carlo alle Quattro (1665 – 1667)
Elisabetta Sirani
Virgin and Child (1663)
Louis Le Vau, Claude Perrault, and Charles Le Brun
East façade of the Palais du Louvre, Paris (1667 – 1670)
Andrea Pozzo
Apotheosis of Saint Ignatius (1691-1694)
Antonio Vivaldi
The Four Season (1723)
Jacopo Guarana
Apollo Conducting a Choir of Maidens (1776)
Franz Hogenberg
Map, City of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, from Civitates Orbis Terrarum (“Cities of the World”), ed. Georg Braun, 1572.
Jan Bruegel the Elder
Still Live with Bouquet of Flowers (1608 – 1610)
Peter Paul Rubens
Descent from the Cross (1611 – 1614)
Franz Hals
Banquet of the Officers of the Saint George Civic Guard (1616)
Portrait of Rene Descartes (1649)
Francois Bacon
Novum Organum Scientiarum (The New Method of Science) (1620)
Judith Leyster
The Proposition (1631)
Rembrandt van Rijn
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp (1632)
Descent from the Cross (1633)
Captain Frans Banning Cocq Mustering his Company (aka. The Night Watch) (1642)
Christ Preaching (the “Hundred Guilder” print) (ca. 1648 – 1650)
Slaughtered Ox (1655)
Self-Portrait (1659)
Rene Descartes
Discourse on Method (1637)
Optics (La Dioptrique) (1637), including an illustration of the theory of the retinal image as described by Johannes Kepler
Meditations (1641)
Jan Vermeer
The Little Street (ca. 1657 – 1658)
The Geographer (1668 – 1669)
Lady at the virginal with a Gentleman (The Music Lesson)(ca. 1662 – 1664)
Woman with a Pearl Necklace (ca. 1664)
Pieter Saenredam
Interior of the Choir of Saint Bavo’s Church at Haarlem (1660)
Jan Steen
The Dancing Couple (1663)
Robert Hooke
Micrographia (1665)
Jacob Jansz
Coeman, Pieter Cnoll and Cornelia van Nijenrode with Their Daughters and Malay Slaves (1665)
Jacob Van Ruisdel
View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen (ca. 1670)
Johann Sebastian Bach
The Well-Tempered Clavier: Book I (1722)Book II (1742)
Peter Paul Rubens
Descent from the Cross (1611 – 1614)
Judith with the Head of Holofernes (1616)
Diego Valezquez
The Triumph of Bacchus, or The Drunkards (1628- 1629) Las Meninas (The Maids in Waiting) (1656)
Anthony Van Dyck
Portrait of Charles I Hunting (1635)
Nicolas Poussin
The Shepherds of Arcadia (1638 – 1639)
Landscape with Saint John on Patmos (1640)
Robert Herrick
“To the Virgins, To Make Much of Time,” a “Cavalier poem” published Hesperides (1648), a collection of 1200 poems
Unattributed costume drawing for Ballet de la Nuit
Louis XIV as the Sun in Ballet De La Nuit, which premiered 23 February 1653. Libretto by Isaac de Benserade. Music by Jean
Moliére
Les Précieuses Ridicules (“The Pretentious Ladies”) (premier 1659)
Tartuffe, or The Hypocrite (1664)
Jean Baptise Lully
Au Clair de la Lune” (before 1660)
Charles Le Brun
Palace of Versailles (1667- 1670)
- the Grand Façade (1669 – 1685)
- the Hall of Mirrors (begun 1678; credited to Jules Hardouin-Mansart & Charles Le Brun)
- The plan of the gardens and park (designed 1661 – 1668 and executed
1662 – 1690
William Wycherley
The country Wife (1675)
Henry Purcell
Dido and Aeneas (opera; composed by 1688; performed by late 1689)
Sor Juana Inés
Reply to Sor Philotea (1691)
“To Her Self-Portrait” (posthumous publication 1700)
Laguna Mission Church (aka. St.
Joseph’s Church)
Laguna Santero (artist unknown)
Built in 1699, Old Laguna Pueblo, New Mexico
Altar and retablo and high altar of this church (ca. 1780 – 1810)
Hyacinthe Riguad
Louis XIV, King of France (1701)
Jerónimo de Balbás
Altar of the Kings, principal retablo of the Cathedral, Mexico City (1718 – 37)
Luís Nino
Our Lady of the Victory of Málaga (1740)
Henri Testalin
Jean-Baptiste Colbert Presenting the Members of the Royal Academy of Science to Louis XIV in 1667
San Xavier Del Bac church
Near Tucson, Arizona (1783-97)
The Holy Roman Empire of Charles V was especially susceptible to attack because
Of its vast size
Why did the Catholic Church call for the Council of Trent in 1545?
to respond to Protestant challenges to Rome’s authority
Regarding the conduct of bishops, the Council of Trent mandated
a strict celibacy.
The edicts of the Council of Trent called for art and music to reflect
clarity and directness.
In painting and sculpture, Mannerist style emphasizes
distorted or elongated proportions of figures.
In Mannerist sculpture contrapposto was replaced by
the serpentine figure.
Michelangelo’s Last Judgment is
a fresco.
In addition to the characteristic noted in the painting’s title, which feature of this image reflects distinctive Mannerist style in Madonna with the long neck?
the proportions of the Christ child.
Although encouraged to express their artistry and gain education in the sixteenth century, women were barred from which area of university studies?
cannon law and jurisprudence
The Roman Inquisition, begun in 1542, was
a court created by the Church to judge heresy.
The Spanish Inquisition, started in 1478, targeted
Muslims and Jews judged to be pretending to have converted to Christianity for political or social advantage.
Originally trained as a painter of Byzantine icons, El Greco’s work
is recognized for intensely expressive spirituality.
The Council of Trent met in three sessions over eighteen years, concentrating on
restoring internal Church discipline.
In response to Protestant criticisms of art in Roman Catholicism, including iconoclasm, the Council of Trent declared that
images of holy figures and saints be maintained in churches to inspire worshippers.
The most influential composer of the sixteenth century was
Palestrina
The new directions of Michelangelo’s work after the High Renaissance went against the demands for clarity and directness issued by the
Counter reformation
Upon its completion, Michelangelo’s Last Judgment was criticized for
the nudity of religious figures.
The term braghettoni refers to
artists who painted draperies over nudes in Michelangelo’s Last Judgment.
An artist’s signature brushwork is referred to by which term?
Hand
Sofonisba Anguissola and Lavinia Fontana are notable for being
Women painters in Italy
The term quixotic means
Idealistic and impractical
What does the picaresque novel do?
It narrates the adventures of a roguish hero living by his wits in a corrupt society.
An outdoor space surrounded by buildings is called a
Piazza
Gianlorenzo Bernini conceptualized the Baroque as a compromise between
Mannerist exuberance and religious propriety.
The term tenebrism refers to
contrasting dark areas and brightly illuminated areas in a painting.
The painters Artemisia Gentileschi and Elisabetta Sirani were both
profoundly influenced by the style of Caravaggio.
What did Elisabetta Sirani have in common with Caravaggio?
an interest in representing the miracles of Christianity as everyday events
The independent sections of a multi-part composition are called
Movements
The process of moving to different keys and returning to a tonic key is known as
Modulation
The directors of the Ospedale della Pietà where Antonio Vivaldi worked hoped that the orchestra he led would
Help fundraising for Venetian orphanages
The invisible complement of a sculptural work is
the surrounding space to which it is actively related.
Like other leading artists of the Baroque era, Gianlorenzo Bernini was able to turn out massive quantities of work foremost because he
had a large group of assistants under his supervision.
The Counter-Reformation Baroque style is characterized by
increasingly ornate and grandiose forms expressing emotion and theatricality.
In his Spiritual Exercises, Ignatius of Loyola called on Jesuits to develop all of their senses. For the Church, this call to the senses was manifested in
Increasingly elaborate Church decoration
Caravaggio was one of the most influential artists of his day because of his
mastery of light and dark in a technique known as tenebrism.
One of the first women artists to achieve an international following, Artemisia Gentileschi preferred to paint
Depiction of women from Myths and biblical stories
The division between religious and secular music was less pronounced in Venice than elsewhere because
Venice traditionally chafed at papal authority, including edicts by the Council of Trent.
The style of singing in this passage that imitates the rhythms of speech while delivering dialogue is called
recitativo
Louis Le Vau, Claude Perrault, and Charles Le Brun, EAST FACADE OF THE PALAIS DU LOUVRE, Paris, 1667–70.
The final rendering of Perrault’s and Le Brun’s design for the Palais du Louvre reflected
a shift away from the ornate theatricality of Baroque ornamentation towards Classicism.
During the sixteenth century much colonial bounty, including silver from Bolivia, passed through the banking center of
Antwerp
In 1648, at the end of the Thirty Years’ War, the Treaty of Westphalia
permanently excluded Spain from meddling in the affairs of the Netherlands.
The iconoclasm of the Dutch Reformed Church is reflected in its
whitewashed, unornamented interiors.
The process of drawing general conclusions from observation of particular examples is termed
Inductive reasoning
Francis Bacon and Christopher Wren founded the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge in order to
witness experiments and discuss scientific topics.
Belief in an earth-centered universe is described by the term
Geocentric
Johannes Kepler confirmed Nicolaus Copernicus’s theory that the planets orbited the sun and not the Earth by
making detailed records of the movements of the planets.
A scene from everyday life would be classified as what type of image?
Genre
Dutch vanitas paintings were intended to
remind viewers that the material world is not as long-lived as the spiritual.
The nearly forgotten master of Dutch genre scenes who was rediscovered in the nineteenth century, and is most highly esteemed today, is
Vermeer
Members of the North German School of composers wrote principally for
Organ
Why did Johann Sebastian Bach compile the Well-Tempered Clavier?
to teach keyboard skills and to regulate the tuning of keyboard instruments
During the seventeenth century, the best-known city in the world was arguably
Amsterdam
Tulipomania” refers to
a fascination among Dutch physicians with human dissections, initiated by Dr. Tulip.
Cartesian dualism refers to the
distinction between mind and matter, the soul and the body.
For 50 years, the Dutch lens-maker Antoni van Leeuwenhoek corresponded with the Royal Society of London to
describe his observations using a microscope.
The Catholic Church banished Galileo Galilei and banned his writings because of its opinion that his work
contradicted certain passages in the Bible.
A camera obscura works by
A ray of light being captured through a small hole
The materiality and relative prosperity of Dutch life drove the market for
Portraits and genre paintings
The piano-like instrument whose strings are plucked rather than struck is the
Harpsichord
Johann Sebastian Bach’s Passion According to Saint Matthew focuses on the story of
The death and resurrection of Jesus
In the architecture of this fugue, which statement is true regarding the four thematic lines of this composition?
Each one takes up a theme, but plays independently
In drama, the notion of the Classical unities, derived from Aristotle’s Poetics, requires that a play have
Only one action that occurs in one place within one day.
his opening section of Dido’s final aria in Henry Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas is
an emotional recitative over a descending ground bass.
Which element of this painting links Velázquez to the influence of Caravaggio?
the depiction of working-class types or peasants alongside mythological figures
The villancico is related to
the Italian frottola.
Although the English King Charles I shared the absolutist convictions of the French King Louis XIV, his reign was beset by controversy, and he was eventually
Executed for treason
What innovation is associated with English theater of the Restoration era?
Women were permitted to perform on stage
The seventeenth century is often referred to as Spain’s “Golden Age” because of the
Out pouring of spanish arts and letters
The literary work of Miguel de Cervantes freed Spanish writers to
be innovative and entertaining through socially astute humor and satire.
A retablo is
a large altarpiece ensemble
What do Peter Paul Rubens, Molière, and Pedro Calderón de la Barca have in common?
an ability to look beneath the surface of experience
