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Humanities II > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The glory of Henry VIII’s court was reflected in which new title instituted by the king?

A

Your Majesty

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2
Q

When Thomas More published Utopia in 1516, it was not only a description of an ideal state, but also a-?

A

Critique of English Politics

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3
Q

Which features illustrates a convention of English portraiture?

A

Three Quarter profile

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4
Q

Philip II of Spain was motivated to launch the Spanish Armada against England because he-?

A

wanted to avenge the execution of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots.

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5
Q

Class distinctions in Tudor England were transformed by

A

the sale of monastic lands to the new gentry.

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6
Q

The literary term that means “little song” is

A

Sonnet

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7
Q

In this line of poetry, “Where whenas death shall all the world subdue,” words beginning with the same sounds illustrate the literary device of

A

Alliteration

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8
Q

The rise and development of English drama coincided with

A

the growth of the middle class and upper classes.

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9
Q

The term miracle play refers to

A

A drama based upon legends of a saint or sacred object.

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10
Q

Christopher Marlowe’s The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus developed out of conventions associated with

A

Morality plays

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11
Q

During his lifetime, William Shakespeare was

A

An acknowledged master of the English stage

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12
Q

The colony of Virginia was named after

A

Queen Elizabeth, who was sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess.

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13
Q

Where was the first successful permanent English colony established in the New World?

A

Jamestown

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14
Q

Why was Thomas Hariot’s A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia particularly important to Sir Walter Raleigh?

A

He sought to advertise the commercial potential of the New World.

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15
Q

John White, THE VILLAGE OF SECOTAN, ca. 1585. Watercolor on paper, 12 3/4” × 7 3/4”. © The Trustees of the British Museum.
Which of the following statements is an accurate description of this image?

A

It suggests the fertility of American lands while documenting the settled life of native peoples.

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16
Q

Sixteenth-century England’s political climate discouraged the production of

A

Religious art

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17
Q

The “nonconformists” who were ultimately exiled by Elizabeth I or faced execution were called

A

Puritans

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18
Q

After the defeat of the Spanish Armada, Elizabeth could rightly claim

A

The supremacy of England in world affairs

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19
Q

Comparing these portraits of Henry and Elizabeth, which feature calls attention to Holbein’s superior skill over English painters who came later, such as Gower?

A

Three dimensional representation of the body

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20
Q

When abstract virtues and vices or other abstract qualities are given human form in a literary work, this device is known as

A

Personification

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21
Q

In what way did the design of the Elizabethan playhouse expand its audience?

A

It opened groundling space with inexpensive standing room.

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22
Q

Shakespeare is especially renowned for his mastery of blank verse. This refers to

A

lines composed in unrhymed iambic pentameter.

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23
Q

Council of Trent convened to plan Catholic Church reform; Pope Paul II initiates the Inquisition

A

1542-63

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24
Q

Lifetime of William Shakespeare, poet and playwright

A

1564-1616

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25
Q

Galileo Galilei observes moon’s craters (“Continuity and Change section”)

A

1609-10

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26
Q

Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith and Maidservant with Head of Holofernes

A

1625

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27
Q

Taj Mahal

A

1632-48

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28
Q

Louis XIV, the “Sun King,” reigns

A

1643-1715

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29
Q

Bernini, The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

A

1645-52

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30
Q

Johannes Vermeer, Lady at the Virginal with a Gentleman

A

1662-64

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31
Q

Great Fire of London

A

1666

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32
Q

Isaac Newton, Principia Mathematica

A

1687

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33
Q

Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe

A

1719

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34
Q

Johann Sebastian Bach, Brandenburg concertos

A

1721

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35
Q

Thomas More (Works and date)

A

Utopia (1516)

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36
Q

Henry VII

A

A Defense of the Seven Sacraments against Martin Luther (1521)

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37
Q

Hans Holbein the Younger

A 
Thomas More (1527)
Nicolaus Kratzer (1528)
The Ambassadors  (1533)
Henry VIII in Wedding Dress (1540)
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38
Q

Anthonis Mor

A

Mary Tudor (1554)

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39
Q

Thomas Wyatt

A

“List to Hunt” (sonnet, 1557)

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40
Q

Attributed to Federigo Zuccaro

A

The Darnley Portrait of Elizabeth I (ca. 1575)

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41
Q

Elizabeth I

A

“On Monsieur’s Departure” (poem, 1582)

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42
Q

John White

A

The Village of Secotan (ca. 1585, watercolor)

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43
Q

Attributed to George Gower

A

The Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I (ca. 1588)

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44
Q

William Byrd

A

Psalms, Sonnets, & Songs (1588)

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45
Q

William Shakespeare

A 
Richard II  (1594)
Sonnet 18   (1609)
Sonnet 130 (1609)
“What a piece of work is a man?”  (From Hamlet)
The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (dates will vary; first unauthorized publication was a quarto edition in 1603)
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46
Q

Thomas Hariot

A

A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia (1590)

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47
Q

Edmund Spencer

A

Sonnet 75, from the Amoretti (1595)

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48
Q

Christopher Marlowe

A

The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus (1604)

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49
Q

Simon van de Passe

A

Pocahontas (1616)

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50
Q

Jan Brueghel the Elder and Peter Paul Rubens

A

Allegory of Sight, from Allegories of the Five Senses (ca. 1617 – 18)

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51
Q

Chateau de Chambord, near Blois, France

A

Built by Francis I, 1519 – 1547; example of French Renaissance architecture

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52
Q

Parmigianino

A

Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror (1524)

The Madonna with the Long Neck (1535)

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53
Q

Jacopo da Pontormo

A

Descent from the Cross (ca. 1525 – 1528)

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54
Q

Correggio

A

Jupiter and Io (early 1530’s)

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55
Q

Michelangelo

A 
Last Judgment    (1534 – 1541)
Florence Pietà    (1547 – 1553)
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56
Q

Bronzino

A 
Saint Sebastian   (ca. 1533)
Allegory with Venus and Cupid  (1540s)
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57
Q

Benvenuto Cellini

A

Saltcellar of Francis I (1539 – 1543)

Perseus (1545 – 1554)

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58
Q

Agnolo Bronzino

A

Allegory with Venus and Cupid (1540’s)

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59
Q

Sofonisba Anguissola

A

Bernardino Campi Painting Sofonisba Anguissola (late 1550’s)

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60
Q

Giovanni Palestrina

A

Missarum liber primus (1554)

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61
Q

Titian

A

The Rape of Europa (1559 – 1562)

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62
Q

Giuseppe Arcimboldo

A

Summer (1563)

*One of The Four Seasons cycle

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63
Q

Teresa of Ávila (aka. St. Teresa)

A

The Way to Perfection (written before 1567)

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64
Q

Veronese

A

Feast in the House of Levi (1573)

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65
Q

Giovanni Balogne

A

Rape of the Sabine Women (1579 – 1583)

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66
Q

Tintoretto

A

The Last Supper (1592 – 1594)

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67
Q

Lavinia Fontana

A

Consecration of the Virgin (1599)

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68
Q

El Greco

A

Resurrection (1597 – 1604)

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69
Q

Miguel de Cervantes

A

Don Quixote (1605)

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70
Q

Artemesia Gentileschi

A

La Pittura (Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting) (1630)

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71
Q

Leon Battista Alberti

A

Façade of Santa Maria Novella, Florence 1458 – 1457

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72
Q

Gentile Bellini

A

Procession of the Reliquary of the True Cross in Piazza san Marco (1496)

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73
Q

Giacomo della Porta

A

Façade of Il Gesu, Rome (ca. 1575 – 1584)

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74
Q

Giovanni Gabrieli

A

Canzona Duodecimi Toni
(Canzone in the Twelfth Mode [or Tone])
(1597)

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75
Q

Caravaggio

A

Bacchus, (ca. 1597)
Judith Beheading Holofernes* (ca. 1598)
The Calling of Saint Matthew (ca. 1599 – 1600)
Conversion of Saint Paul (1601)

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76
Q

Claudio Monteverdi

A

Orfeo (1607)

77
Q

Artemesia Gentileschi

A

Judith Beheading Holofernes* (1611-1612)
Judith and her Maidservant* (1612 - 1613)
Judith Beheading Holofernes* (1612 - 1621)
Judith and Maidservant with Head of Holofernes (ca. 1625)

78
Q

John Donne

A

“Batter My Heart” sonnet, published in Holy Sonnets (1618)

“The Flea,” “metaphysical poem” (1633)

79
Q

Gianlorenzo Bernini

A

David (1623)
Baldachino at crossing of St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican, Rome (1624 –1633)
The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, Cornaro Chapel, Sant Maria della Vittoria, Rome (1645 – 52)
Four Rivers Fountain, Rome (1648 – 51)
Design for the east façade of the Palais du Louvre, Paris (1664)

80
Q

Francesco Borromini

A

Dome of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome 1638 – 41

Façade of San Carlo alle Quattro (1665 – 1667)

81
Q

Elisabetta Sirani

A

Virgin and Child (1663)

82
Q

Louis Le Vau, Claude Perrault, and Charles Le Brun

A

East façade of the Palais du Louvre, Paris (1667 – 1670)

83
Q

Andrea Pozzo

A

Apotheosis of Saint Ignatius (1691-1694)

84
Q

Antonio Vivaldi

A

The Four Season (1723)

85
Q

Jacopo Guarana

A

Apollo Conducting a Choir of Maidens (1776)

86
Q

Franz Hogenberg

A

Map, City of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, from Civitates Orbis Terrarum (“Cities of the World”), ed. Georg Braun, 1572.

87
Q

Jan Bruegel the Elder

A

Still Live with Bouquet of Flowers (1608 – 1610)

88
Q

Peter Paul Rubens

A

Descent from the Cross (1611 – 1614)

89
Q

Franz Hals

A

Banquet of the Officers of the Saint George Civic Guard (1616)
Portrait of Rene Descartes (1649)

90
Q

Francois Bacon

A

Novum Organum Scientiarum (The New Method of Science) (1620)

91
Q

Judith Leyster

A

The Proposition (1631)

92
Q

Rembrandt van Rijn

A

The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp (1632)
Descent from the Cross (1633)
Captain Frans Banning Cocq Mustering his Company (aka. The Night Watch) (1642)
Christ Preaching (the “Hundred Guilder” print) (ca. 1648 – 1650)
Slaughtered Ox (1655)
Self-Portrait (1659)

93
Q

Rene Descartes

A

Discourse on Method (1637)
Optics (La Dioptrique) (1637), including an illustration of the theory of the retinal image as described by Johannes Kepler
Meditations (1641)

94
Q

Jan Vermeer

A

The Little Street (ca. 1657 – 1658)
The Geographer (1668 – 1669)
Lady at the virginal with a Gentleman (The Music Lesson)(ca. 1662 – 1664)
Woman with a Pearl Necklace (ca. 1664)

95
Q

Pieter Saenredam

A

Interior of the Choir of Saint Bavo’s Church at Haarlem (1660)

96
Q

Jan Steen

A

The Dancing Couple (1663)

97
Q

Robert Hooke

A

Micrographia (1665)

98
Q

Jacob Jansz

A

Coeman, Pieter Cnoll and Cornelia van Nijenrode with Their Daughters and Malay Slaves (1665)

99
Q

Jacob Van Ruisdel

A

View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen (ca. 1670)

100
Q

Johann Sebastian Bach

A

The Well-Tempered Clavier: Book I (1722)Book II (1742)

101
Q

Peter Paul Rubens

A

Descent from the Cross (1611 – 1614)

Judith with the Head of Holofernes (1616)

102
Q

Diego Valezquez

A 
The Triumph of Bacchus, or The Drunkards  (1628- 1629)
Las Meninas  (The Maids in Waiting) (1656)
103
Q

Anthony Van Dyck

A

Portrait of Charles I Hunting (1635)

104
Q

Nicolas Poussin

A

The Shepherds of Arcadia (1638 – 1639)

Landscape with Saint John on Patmos (1640)

105
Q

Robert Herrick

A

“To the Virgins, To Make Much of Time,” a “Cavalier poem” published Hesperides (1648), a collection of 1200 poems

106
Q

Unattributed costume drawing for Ballet de la Nuit

A

Louis XIV as the Sun in Ballet De La Nuit, which premiered 23 February 1653. Libretto by Isaac de Benserade. Music by Jean

107
Q

Moliére

A

Les Précieuses Ridicules (“The Pretentious Ladies”) (premier 1659)
Tartuffe, or The Hypocrite (1664)

108
Q

Jean Baptise Lully

A

Au Clair de la Lune” (before 1660)

109
Q

Charles Le Brun

A

Palace of Versailles (1667- 1670)
- the Grand Façade (1669 – 1685)
- the Hall of Mirrors (begun 1678; credited to Jules Hardouin-Mansart & Charles Le Brun)
- The plan of the gardens and park (designed 1661 – 1668 and executed
1662 – 1690

110
Q

William Wycherley

A

The country Wife (1675)

111
Q

Henry Purcell

A

Dido and Aeneas (opera; composed by 1688; performed by late 1689)

112
Q

Sor Juana Inés

A

Reply to Sor Philotea (1691)

“To Her Self-Portrait” (posthumous publication 1700)

113
Q

Laguna Mission Church (aka. St.
Joseph’s Church)
Laguna Santero (artist unknown)

A

Built in 1699, Old Laguna Pueblo, New Mexico

Altar and retablo and high altar of this church (ca. 1780 – 1810)

114
Q

Hyacinthe Riguad

A

Louis XIV, King of France (1701)

115
Q

Jerónimo de Balbás

A

Altar of the Kings, principal retablo of the Cathedral, Mexico City (1718 – 37)

116
Q

Luís Nino

A

Our Lady of the Victory of Málaga (1740)

117
Q

Henri Testalin

A

Jean-Baptiste Colbert Presenting the Members of the Royal Academy of Science to Louis XIV in 1667

118
Q

San Xavier Del Bac church

A

Near Tucson, Arizona (1783-97)

119
Q

The Holy Roman Empire of Charles V was especially susceptible to attack because

A

Of its vast size

120
Q

Why did the Catholic Church call for the Council of Trent in 1545?

A

to respond to Protestant challenges to Rome’s authority

121
Q

Regarding the conduct of bishops, the Council of Trent mandated

A

a strict celibacy.

122
Q

The edicts of the Council of Trent called for art and music to reflect

A

clarity and directness.

123
Q

In painting and sculpture, Mannerist style emphasizes

A

distorted or elongated proportions of figures.

124
Q

In Mannerist sculpture contrapposto was replaced by

A

the serpentine figure.

125
Q

Michelangelo’s Last Judgment is

A

a fresco.

126
Q

In addition to the characteristic noted in the painting’s title, which feature of this image reflects distinctive Mannerist style in Madonna with the long neck?

A

the proportions of the Christ child.

127
Q

Although encouraged to express their artistry and gain education in the sixteenth century, women were barred from which area of university studies?

A

cannon law and jurisprudence

128
Q

The Roman Inquisition, begun in 1542, was

A

a court created by the Church to judge heresy.

129
Q

The Spanish Inquisition, started in 1478, targeted

A

Muslims and Jews judged to be pretending to have converted to Christianity for political or social advantage.

130
Q

Originally trained as a painter of Byzantine icons, El Greco’s work

A

is recognized for intensely expressive spirituality.

131
Q

The Council of Trent met in three sessions over eighteen years, concentrating on

A

restoring internal Church discipline.

132
Q

In response to Protestant criticisms of art in Roman Catholicism, including iconoclasm, the Council of Trent declared that

A

images of holy figures and saints be maintained in churches to inspire worshippers.

133
Q

The most influential composer of the sixteenth century was

A

Palestrina

134
Q

The new directions of Michelangelo’s work after the High Renaissance went against the demands for clarity and directness issued by the

A

Counter reformation

135
Q

Upon its completion, Michelangelo’s Last Judgment was criticized for

A

the nudity of religious figures.

136
Q

The term braghettoni refers to

A

artists who painted draperies over nudes in Michelangelo’s Last Judgment.

137
Q

An artist’s signature brushwork is referred to by which term?

A

Hand

138
Q

Sofonisba Anguissola and Lavinia Fontana are notable for being

A

Women painters in Italy

139
Q

The term quixotic means

A

Idealistic and impractical

140
Q

What does the picaresque novel do?

A

It narrates the adventures of a roguish hero living by his wits in a corrupt society.

141
Q

An outdoor space surrounded by buildings is called a

A

Piazza

142
Q

Gianlorenzo Bernini conceptualized the Baroque as a compromise between

A

Mannerist exuberance and religious propriety.

143
Q

The term tenebrism refers to

A

contrasting dark areas and brightly illuminated areas in a painting.

144
Q

The painters Artemisia Gentileschi and Elisabetta Sirani were both

A

profoundly influenced by the style of Caravaggio.

145
Q

What did Elisabetta Sirani have in common with Caravaggio?

A

an interest in representing the miracles of Christianity as everyday events

146
Q

The independent sections of a multi-part composition are called

A

Movements

147
Q

The process of moving to different keys and returning to a tonic key is known as

A

Modulation

148
Q

The directors of the Ospedale della Pietà where Antonio Vivaldi worked hoped that the orchestra he led would

A

Help fundraising for Venetian orphanages

149
Q

The invisible complement of a sculptural work is

A

the surrounding space to which it is actively related.

150
Q

Like other leading artists of the Baroque era, Gianlorenzo Bernini was able to turn out massive quantities of work foremost because he

A

had a large group of assistants under his supervision.

151
Q

The Counter-Reformation Baroque style is characterized by

A

increasingly ornate and grandiose forms expressing emotion and theatricality.

152
Q

In his Spiritual Exercises, Ignatius of Loyola called on Jesuits to develop all of their senses. For the Church, this call to the senses was manifested in

A

Increasingly elaborate Church decoration

153
Q

Caravaggio was one of the most influential artists of his day because of his

A

mastery of light and dark in a technique known as tenebrism.

154
Q

One of the first women artists to achieve an international following, Artemisia Gentileschi preferred to paint

A

Depiction of women from Myths and biblical stories

155
Q

The division between religious and secular music was less pronounced in Venice than elsewhere because

A

Venice traditionally chafed at papal authority, including edicts by the Council of Trent.

156
Q

The style of singing in this passage that imitates the rhythms of speech while delivering dialogue is called

A

recitativo

157
Q

Louis Le Vau, Claude Perrault, and Charles Le Brun, EAST FACADE OF THE PALAIS DU LOUVRE, Paris, 1667–70.
The final rendering of Perrault’s and Le Brun’s design for the Palais du Louvre reflected

A

a shift away from the ornate theatricality of Baroque ornamentation towards Classicism.

158
Q

During the sixteenth century much colonial bounty, including silver from Bolivia, passed through the banking center of

A

Antwerp

159
Q

In 1648, at the end of the Thirty Years’ War, the Treaty of Westphalia

A

permanently excluded Spain from meddling in the affairs of the Netherlands.

160
Q

The iconoclasm of the Dutch Reformed Church is reflected in its

A

whitewashed, unornamented interiors.

161
Q

The process of drawing general conclusions from observation of particular examples is termed

A

Inductive reasoning

162
Q

Francis Bacon and Christopher Wren founded the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge in order to

A

witness experiments and discuss scientific topics.

163
Q

Belief in an earth-centered universe is described by the term

A

Geocentric

164
Q

Johannes Kepler confirmed Nicolaus Copernicus’s theory that the planets orbited the sun and not the Earth by

A

making detailed records of the movements of the planets.

165
Q

A scene from everyday life would be classified as what type of image?

A

Genre

166
Q

Dutch vanitas paintings were intended to

A

remind viewers that the material world is not as long-lived as the spiritual.

167
Q

The nearly forgotten master of Dutch genre scenes who was rediscovered in the nineteenth century, and is most highly esteemed today, is

A

Vermeer

168
Q

Members of the North German School of composers wrote principally for

A

Organ

169
Q

Why did Johann Sebastian Bach compile the Well-Tempered Clavier?

A

to teach keyboard skills and to regulate the tuning of keyboard instruments

170
Q

During the seventeenth century, the best-known city in the world was arguably

A

Amsterdam

171
Q

Tulipomania” refers to

A

a fascination among Dutch physicians with human dissections, initiated by Dr. Tulip.

172
Q

Cartesian dualism refers to the

A

distinction between mind and matter, the soul and the body.

173
Q

For 50 years, the Dutch lens-maker Antoni van Leeuwenhoek corresponded with the Royal Society of London to

A

describe his observations using a microscope.

174
Q

The Catholic Church banished Galileo Galilei and banned his writings because of its opinion that his work

A

contradicted certain passages in the Bible.

175
Q

A camera obscura works by

A

A ray of light being captured through a small hole

176
Q

The materiality and relative prosperity of Dutch life drove the market for

A

Portraits and genre paintings

177
Q

The piano-like instrument whose strings are plucked rather than struck is the

A

Harpsichord

178
Q

Johann Sebastian Bach’s Passion According to Saint Matthew focuses on the story of

A

The death and resurrection of Jesus

179
Q

In the architecture of this fugue, which statement is true regarding the four thematic lines of this composition?

A

Each one takes up a theme, but plays independently

180
Q

In drama, the notion of the Classical unities, derived from Aristotle’s Poetics, requires that a play have

A

Only one action that occurs in one place within one day.

181
Q

his opening section of Dido’s final aria in Henry Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas is

A

an emotional recitative over a descending ground bass.

182
Q

Which element of this painting links Velázquez to the influence of Caravaggio?

A

the depiction of working-class types or peasants alongside mythological figures

183
Q

The villancico is related to

A

the Italian frottola.

184
Q

Although the English King Charles I shared the absolutist convictions of the French King Louis XIV, his reign was beset by controversy, and he was eventually

A

Executed for treason

185
Q

What innovation is associated with English theater of the Restoration era?

A

Women were permitted to perform on stage

186
Q

The seventeenth century is often referred to as Spain’s “Golden Age” because of the

A

Out pouring of spanish arts and letters

187
Q

The literary work of Miguel de Cervantes freed Spanish writers to

A

be innovative and entertaining through socially astute humor and satire.

188
Q

A retablo is

A

a large altarpiece ensemble

189
Q

What do Peter Paul Rubens, Molière, and Pedro Calderón de la Barca have in common?

A

an ability to look beneath the surface of experience

Humanities II (5 decks)

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