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Intro to Kin > Unit 3 Test > Flashcards

Unit 3 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Types of muscle tissue:
Location:
Function:
Voluntary/Involuntary:
Structure

A

Smooth:
-Organs
-Housekeepers (contraction)
-Involuntary
-Sheets and Spindles
Cardiac:
-Heart
-Pumps blood from heart to lungs->body
-Involuntary
-Stripped
Skeletal: 30-40% of the body
-Attached to bones
-Support+Joint stability, protection of the internal organs, movements, keeps posture, storage system (calcium, phosphate, components of blood)
-Voluntary

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2
Q

What is agonist, antagonist and stabilizers

A

agonist- the muscle moving
antagonist- the muscle lengthening
stabilizers- provide support by holding joint in place

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3
Q

Shoulder abduction and adduction

A

Shoulder abduction - deltoid, latissimus dorsi
Shoulder adduction- latissimus dorsi

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4
Q

elbow extension and flexion

A

Elbow extension- triceps brachii, biceps brachii
Elbow flexion- Biceps brachii, triceps brachii

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5
Q

Hip extension and flexion

A

Hip extension- Gluteus maximus and iliacus
Hip flexion- Iliacus and Gluteus maximus

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6
Q

Hip abduction and adduction

A

Hip abduction- Gluteus minimus and medius, adductor magnus
Hip adduction- Adductor magnus, Gluteus minimus and medius

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7
Q

Knee extension and flexion

A

Knee extension- quadriceps, hamstrings
Knee flexion- hamstrings, quadriceps

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8
Q

Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion

A

Plantarflexion- Gastrocnemius and soleus, tibialis anterior
Dorsiflexion- Tibialis anterior, Gastrocnemius and soleus

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9
Q

What is origin and insertion

A

Origin- muscle attach to bone that does not move (top)
Insertion- muscle attach to bone that moves (bottom)

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10
Q

Sarcomere

A

-Compartment of the myosin and the actin
-where muscle contraction occurs

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11
Q

Sarcplasmic reticulum

A

-release calcium for myosin head attachment

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12
Q

Neuromuscular system

A

-linkage between the nervous system and muscular system

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13
Q

Neuromuscular junction steps

A

-Nerve impulse travels through the nerve pathways and ends at the neuromuscular junction (between nerve and muscle fibre)
-Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter that is released
-Receptors at the en of the muscle fibre detect the Acetylcholine causing the muscle contraction

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14
Q

Motor unit

A

-Muscle twitch is a Single nerve impulse and the result of a muscle contraction
-One neuron (motor neuron) is responsible for stimulating numerous muscle fibres
-Stimulates axion (pathway) and muscle fibre together
-Fine motor unit stimulates fewer muscle fibre
-Gross motor unit stimulates larger muscle fibres
-All or none rule means that all or no muscle fibres are contracting

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15
Q

Central nervous system

A

-Brain and Spine

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16
Q

Peripheral Nervous sytem

A

Somatic and autonomic nervous sytem

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17
Q

Human nervous system

A

-CNS sends message through PNS and vice versa

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18
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

-Involuntary
-Regulates smooth and cardiac muscle of internal organs
-Sympathetic - body changes for emergencies
-Parasympathetic- body returns back to normal

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19
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

-Voluntary
-Skeletal muscle allowing movements
-Sprinting

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20
Q

Muscle strain and tears

A

-Pulling or twisting
-1st degree- swelling and bruising, limited pain
-2nd degree- physiotherapy
-3rd degree- surgery and rehabilitation

21
Q

DOMS (Delayed onset muscle soreness)

A

-tear of mucle fibres
-exercise related
-RICE
-pain is not the same as acute pain of muscle strain or fatigue

22
Q

Tendonitis

A

-Overuse of muscle causing tendon to be irritated
-Golfers elbow, Tennis elbow
-Pain or tenderness, stiffness and pain, strong pulling or sharp pain, swelling, numbness, or tingling sensation
-Rest, protect with splints, slings, or cast, Ice, medication, physical therapy

23
Q

Sliding filaments theory

A

-Attach, rotate, deattach, reattach

24
Q

Two function of the skin

A

-Sensory information received from the outside world sent to nervous system to create a proper body response
-makes specialized structure

25
Q

What are muscle made of

A

lacing filaments

26
Q

what happens when Nerve switches muscles on

A

-filaments slide past each other

27
Q

What happens when nerve switches off

A
  • they relax
28
Q

muscle on the lower arm moves–

A

-hands

29
Q

muscle on the upper are moves–

A

lower arm

30
Q

muscle on the shoulder girdle moves–

A

upper arms

31
Q

buttocks and upper abdominal cavity moves–

A

upper legs

32
Q

upper legs movess–

A

lower legs

33
Q

what does the body need transmit force from body to ground

A

legs need to be fairly large

34
Q

how are bones held together

A

ligaments

35
Q

Cartilage

A

interface between two bones
smooth movements
reduces friction

36
Q

Damaged catilage

A

Osteoarthritis

37
Q

what is brain made of

A

10 billion nerve cells

38
Q

The brain is the organ through which we:

A

perform function we are aware of

39
Q

Reflex

A

Automatic, rapid, and unconscious response to specific stimuli

40
Q

Cerebral reflex

A

command center is located in the brain

41
Q

Spinal reflex

A

Command center located in the spinal chord

42
Q

Automatic reflex

A

-Activate smooth, cardiac muscles, and glands
-Regulate digestion, elimination, blood pressure, salvation, and sweating

43
Q

Somatic reflex

A

-Skeletal muscles

44
Q

Reflex arc

A

Sensory stimuli and corresponding messages’ pathway
signal transmit of motor neurons creating a response

45
Q

Five parts of reflex arc

A

-Sensory receptors-receives initial stimuli
-sensory neuron nerve-carries the impulse to spinal column/brain
-interneuron-interprets the signal and issue and appropriate response
-motor-carries the response from spinal chord to brain
-affecter organ-carries out response

46
Q

Proprioception

A

-ability to sense position, orientation, and movement of the body

47
Q

Proprioceptors

A

-sensory receptors found in the muscle, tendons, joints, and inner ear that can detect motion or position of the body or limb by responding to stimuli
-muscle spindle (maintain muscle tension and that are sensitive to changes in muscle length, involved in the reflex contraction) and organise

48
Q

Golgi tendon organs

A

-found at the end of muscle fibre connected to the tendon
-detect changes in the muscle tension
-protect muscle from excessive tension
-When change in tension is detected an impulse is sent along to CNS where they synapse with motor neuron of the same muscle
-efferent neurons transmit an impulse causing muscle to react, preventing injury

Intro to Kin (7 decks)

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