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Intro to Kin > Unit 2 Test > Flashcards

Unit 2 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical position

A

-Upright standing position
-Head, eyes, toes pointing forward
-feet together, arms slightly out
-forearms are fully supinated (palms of the hand faces forward)

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2
Q

Anterior/Posterior

A

-Anterior- Front surface of the body
-Posterior-Back surface of the body

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3
Q

Superior/Inferior

A

-Superior - Top surface of the body
-Posterior - Bottom surface of the body

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4
Q

Proximal/Distal

A

-Proximal- Towards the point of attachment
-Distal- Farther away from the point of attachment

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5
Q

Medial/Lateral

A

-Medial- towards to the midline
-Lateral- away from the midline

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6
Q

Superficial/Deep

A

-Superficial- on or close to the body
-Deep- away from the surface of the body

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7
Q

Frontal plane

A

-Front and back
-abduction and adduction

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7
Q

Sagittal plane

A

-Left and right
-Flexion and extension

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8
Q

Transverse plane

A

-Around
-Rotation

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9
Q

Longitudinal axis

A

-rotate left and right

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9
Q

Antero-Posterior axis

A

-front and back

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10
Q

Horizontal axis

A

-Bend up and down

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11
Q

Flexion and extension

A
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12
Q

abduction and adduction

A
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13
Q

Supination and pronation

A
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14
Q

Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

A
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15
Q

Protraction and retraction

A
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16
Q

Inversion and eversion

A
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17
Q

External rotation and internal rotation

A
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18
Q

Circumduction

A
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19
Q

Elevation and depresion

A
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20
Q

opposition and reposition

A
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21
Q

what does skeleton provide

A

-support, movement, and protection from vital organs
(ex: skull protects the brain, rib cage protects the lung and heart, vertebral column protects the spine)

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22
Q

What are the 5 main function of the skeleton

A

-Structural support-soft tissue (muscle and internal organs)
-Protection- delicate parts of the body
-Cell growth center- red blood cells platelets
-Mineral reservoir- regulation of phosphate and calcium
-Movement- Muscle contract move bone

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23
Q

what the are 5 types of bones

A

-long bones- arms and legs, femur
-flat bones- flat ad thin, parietal bone
-irregular bones- odd-looking, vertebrae
-sesamoid bones- unusual, small, flat wrapped within tendons, move over bony surface, and patella
-Short bones- wrists, ankles, and carpal bones
-

24
Q

axial skeleton

A

-80 bones
-vertebral column, skull, ribcage
-Vertebrae of the spine protects the spinal chord, cranium protects the brain, ribcage protects the lungs and the heart
-face, tongue, neck, muscles, for mastication and drinking, muscles around vertebrae of the spine
-core muscle provides stability and support
-Respect to appendicular skeleton

25
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

-126 bones
-moveable limbs and gridles
-upper limbs- attach to the shoulder girdle
-lower limbs- attach to the pelvic girdle
-pectoral girdle- two scapulae and two clavicle
-humerus- attach at glenoid cavity
-Pelvic girdle- has two hip bones (hip bones and sacrum makes ring of the pelvis)
-acetabulum cavity- fused bones meets
-six major regions:
.pectoral girdle(4 bones)- left and right clavicles and scapula
.arms and forearms(6 bones)- left and right humerus, ulna, and radius
.hands(54 bones)- left and right carpals, metacarpals, proximal phalanges, intermediate phalanges, and distal phalanges
.Pelvis(2bones)- left and right hip bones
.thighs and legs(8 bones)- left and right femur, fibula, patella, tibia and fibula
.feet and phalanges(52 bones)- left and right tarsals, metatarsals, proximal phalanges, intermediate phalanges, and distal phalanges
-Bone landmarks:
.passage of blood vessels and nerves
.attachment of ligaments, tendons, and muscles

26
Q

Different types of Fractures

A

-Simple fractures:
No separation of the bone
Break/crack
Hairline fracture
Greenstick fracture
-Compound fracture:
Separation to pieces
Transverse fracture
Major blow
-Comminuted fracture
Broken ends shattered to pieces
Major automobile accident

27
Q

Stress fracture and shin splints

A

-Stress fracture:
Fragile muscles transfer impact to bone
Rapid increase in activity
-Shin splints:
Overuse
Medial/lateral side of tibia
Untreated leads to shin splints

28
Q

Aging on the skeletal system (osteoporosis)

A

-Low bone mass
-Deterioration of bone tissue
-Fragile bone
-Vertebrae collapses
-Defenses:
Build strong bones at early age
balanced diet
weight bearing exercise
healthy lifestyle
bone density and medication

29
Q

Types of human joint

A

-Fibrous- no movement, connected by connective tissue
-Cartilaginous- cartilage(flexible tissue), slight movement, intervertebral discs of spinal column
-Synovial- most movement between 2 or more bones, common, distinguished by movement, ball and socket, gliding/plane, hinge, pivot, saddle, ellipsoid

30
Q

Types of synovial joint

A

-Ball and socket- most moveable, ball at one ball fits into the socket of another, multi axial
-Gliding- flat/curved bone surface
-hinge- uni-axial, bones fit together
-Pivot- round point of a bone fits into the groove of another, uni-axial rotation
-Sattle- bi-axial, bones fit together
-Ellipsoid-bi-axial

31
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

-Loss of cartilage at bone
-Joint disease
-Old people, athletes, and women
-hips, knees, and fingers

32
Q

bursitis

A

-Inflammation of bursae
-Friction between tendons, ligaments, and bones

33
Q

Wear and tear

A
34
Q

Cartilage

A

-torn in cartilage(common in knees)
-sports with lateral movement/contact

35
Q

athroscopy

A

-Surgical procedure

36
Q

Ligaments

A

-attach bones together
-less rigid than bones

37
Q

sprain

A

-Ligaments is overstretched
-First degree- stretch
-Second degree- tear
-Third degree- severe
-Treatment:
pressure, ice, elevate, rest

38
Q

Dislocation

A

-Bone is displaced from the joint
-collision/fall
-finger/shoulder
-medical help/surgery

39
Q

Separation

A

-Connecting tissue instead of bone being displaces
-Collision/fall
-Shoulder separation

40
Q

Articular cartilage-synovial Joint

A

-smooth surface contact
-Reduce friction
-Ends of the two bones meet

41
Q

blood vessel-synovial joint

A

-Gives nutrients
-Removes waste

42
Q

Bone-synovial joint

A
43
Q

Bursae-synovial joint

A

-fluid at friction points between tendons, ligaments, and bones

44
Q

Joint capsule-synovial joint

A

-protected by strong fibers
-outer structure
-passage of the nutrients throughout the joint

45
Q

Joint cavity-synovial joint

A

-space between the joint
-synovial fluid provides nutrients and reduce friction

46
Q

Nerve-synovial joint

A

-sends and receives message to the brain

47
Q

Synovial membrane-synovial joint

A
48
Q

Tendons-synovial joint

A

-Muscle attach to the bone

49
Q

Periosteum-synovial joint

A

-Outside lining
-Connects to the tendons

50
Q

Ligaments-synovial joint

A

-Prevent bone dislocation
-two bones are connected
-thickens and reinforce joint capsule
-fibrous tissue

51
Q

Cartilage-long bone

A

-articulating cartilage
-smooth movements and provides nutrients
-no blood supply/nerve ending

52
Q

Cancellous bone-long bone

A

-Filled with marrow
-strengthen with strength exercise

53
Q

Compact bone-long bone

A

-Dense
-Structural integrity

54
Q

diaphysis-long bone

A

-thickest part

55
Q

Epiphyseal line-long bone

A
56
Q

Epiphyseal plate-long bone

A

-located everywhere

57
Q

Epiphysis-long bone

A

-made of compact bone
-articulates with bone is filled with cartilage

58
Q

Medullary cavity-long bone

A

-Red bone marrow: formation of red-blood cells
-Yellow bone marrow: Filled with fat
-Inside shaft
-No connective tissue

59
Q

Periosteum-long bone

A

-connective tissue covering the bone
-Connect bone to muscle and vice versa

60
Q

Cortex-long bone

A

-Outside: Fibers
-Inside: Bone marrow

Intro to Kin (7 decks)

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