Exam review Flashcards
Olympic rings
Olympic torch
Parade of nation
Olympic hymm
Five continents and its color
connection and continuity
international cooperation
Peaceful nationalism
The LTAD model
The Long-term athlete development
Active start
Fundementals
Learn to train
train to train
train to compete
compete to win
active for life
How long does canadian health experts suggest for physical activity
150 per week
What are the two major division of the human skeleton and their function? Give three examples of bones
Axial skeleton - stability and support; vertebrae, rib cage, and cranium
Appendicular skeleton - movements, humerus, femur, and pelvis
Differentiate between the three anatomical planes and the three anatomical axes of the human body
Anatomical planes - Frontal plane; divide front and back, transverse plane; divide half of the body, sagittal plane; divide left to right
Anatomical axis - Longitudinal axis; vertical line allowing the body to rotate, horizontal axis; horizontal line allowing the body to bend, anterior-posterior axis; a line going from the front to the back and allows the body to abduct and adduct the arms
How to avoid injuries
do not overwork, gradual increase of exercise and rest
Osteoporosis vs. Osteoarthritis
Osteoporosis - loss of bone mass, weak bones, build strong bones from early age
Osteoarthritis - loss of cartilage in the joint, pain, exercise
Neuromuscular system
Neuromuscular junction
Motor unit
Motor neuron
all or none principle
-linkage between muscle and nerves
-contact point of nerve and muscle
-nerves sends electrical impulse in waves for muscle movement
-stimulates muscle fibres
-either all or no muscle fibres for muscle contraction
concentric
eccentric
isometric
-shortening of muscle fibres
-lengthening of muscle fibres
-no change in length
Sliding filament theory
What is DOMS? What causes it? Can it be avoided?
Delayed onset muscle soreness - intense increase in physical activity, can be avoided by gradually increasing the exercise
Metabolic pathways
ATP-PC- no lactic acid19-15 secsec, javelin throw
Glycolysis - lactic acid (no oxygen) and acetyl choline (with oxygen) are by products, backup for atp-pc system, 200-800meter run,, 1sec to 3mins
Cellular respiration - 90+mins, breakdown or oxygen and glucose, , subpathways; glucose, krebs cycle, electron transport chain (CO2 and H2O are by product), with oxygen, marathon
Exercise physiologists distinguish between two general types of muscle fibre. Identify each type and state the main differences between them.
slow twitch- dark in colour, tense and relax relatively, intense but short physical activity
Fast twitch- pale in colour, tense and relax quickly, long duration
two specialized regions of tissue, or nodes
Sa node- set basic rate of contraction and modulates the autonomic nervous system
AV node- transport the electrical signal from the atria to the ventricle
A normal blood pressure reading is in the range of 120/80 (stated as “120 over 80”). Explain what these two numbers represent.
120- systolic number; maximum pressure observed in the arteries during contraction phase of the ventricle
80- diastolic number; maximum pressure observed in the arteries during relation phase of the ventricle
VO2 max
- max oxygen the body can produce during maximum effort in the physical activity
Oxygen deficit
rest-to exercise training;working muscles rely on the anaerobic metabolic system and make up the difference and compensate for the lag in VO2, allowing the exercise to continue
“Individuals can increase their aerobic capacity through proper aerobic training.” Elaborate on this statement by referring explicitly to varying oxygen deficits.
trained individuals can reach the steady-state faster and have a smaller oxygen deficit for an exercise of a given duration
Blood flow
