UNIT 3: SENSATION & PERSPECTIVES Flashcards
Transduction
Is the process of converting physical energy into electrical signals
Bottom- Up Processing
Build up from the smallest pieces of sensory information
Top-Down Processing
Brain applies what it knows and expects to perceive sensory information.
Absolute Threshold
The point where you notice that a stimulus is present.
Difference Threshold
The point where you can detect the difference between stimuli
Sensory Adaptation
Reduced sensitivity to a stimulus after constant exposure to it.
Cocktail Party Effect
Ability to focus on a particular sound while partial filtering out other sounds
Inattentional Blindness
Focus on one stimulus will lead to between blind to other stimuli (change blindness=miss changes).
Perceptual Set
Predisposition to perceive things in a certain way (notice certain aspects of an object/situation while ignoring other details).
Rods
Responsible for vision at low light levels
Cones
Vision at higher light levels and capable of color vision.
Blind Spot
Area in eye with no receptor cells
Opponent-Process Theory
Repeated exposure to stimulus will cause less of an initial reaction and a stronger opposing reaction
Red-Green
Blue-Yellow
Black-White
Binocular Cues
Depth perception using two eyes
Monocular Cues
Depth perception using one eye.
PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION
Ways that humans organize information
Figure Ground
ability to differentiate an object from its background.
Grouping
Tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups
What are the 6 ways you can perceive images?
- Proximity
- Similarity
3.Continuity
4.Closure
5.Area
6.Symmetry
Proximity
Objects that are close together are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group
Similarity
State the likenesses between items or arrange items in categories according to their similarities
Continuity
The ability to continue the same way indefinitely
Closure
The illusion of seeing an incomplete stimulus as though it were whole
Area
How much area there is in an image
Symmetry
If the things line up together
Visual Cliff
Laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants
Shape and Size Consistencies
We perceive the form of familiar objects as constant even while our retinas receive changing images of them.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Damage to your inner ear (tiny hair cells)
Conduction Hearing Loss
Anatomical structure in the ear block the passage of sound.
Cochlea
Sound waves traveling through the cochlea fluid trigger nerve impulses.
Gate- Control Theory
The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological “gate” that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain.
Kinesthesia
Our movement sense
Vestibular Sense
Our sense of body movement and position that enables out sense of balance.
