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AP PSYCH REVIEW 2024 > UNIT 2: BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR > Flashcards

UNIT 2: BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. LOBES OF THE BRAIN
A
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2
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Executive function, higher level cognition

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3
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Sensory Information

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4
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Vision

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5
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Sense of hearing/meaningful speech.

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6
Q

STRUCTURES OF THE BRAIN

A
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7
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Connects two hemispheres

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8
Q

Medulla

A

Life sustaining functions, breathing, heart rate, blood pressure.

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9
Q

Cerebellum

A

Control coordination “balance”/voluntary movements.

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10
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Releasing hormones (regulate homeostasis of the body).

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11
Q

Hippocampus

A

Formation of memories

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12
Q

Amygdala “Fear Center”

A

Processing emotion and survival responses.

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13
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

Is the brain’s ability to constantly change both the structure and function of many cells in the brain.

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14
Q

Split Brain

A

Is the two hemispheres of the brain can’t communicate with each side (researched by Sperry and Gazzaniga).

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15
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Speech production

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16
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Comprehension of speech

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17
Q

Motor Cortex

A

Voluntary movement

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18
Q

Somatosensory Cortex

A

Receives and processes sensory information.

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19
Q

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

Body’s communication network.

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20
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and the spine

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21
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Sensory nerves outside brain/spinal cord.

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22
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Voluntary moment from your brain to your muscles.

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23
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Involuntary and unconscious actions (breathing, blood pumping, and etc).

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24
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Emergency response system “Fight, Flight, or Freeze”

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25
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Calm a person “rest and digest”

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26
Q

THE NEURON

A
27
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive message

28
Q

Soma

A

Keep the neuron functional

29
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Protect nerve/speed up message

30
Q

Axon

A

Carry messages

31
Q

Axon Terminals

A

Send Signals

32
Q

Neural Transmission

A

Information travels through a neuron electrochemically

33
Q

Action Potential “Firing”

A

Neuron sends information

34
Q

Resting Potential

A

Neuron is charge and ready to fire

35
Q

All-or-None Principle

A

Neuron fires at full strength or not at all.

36
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers

37
Q

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

A

Prevent neurons from firing

38
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Movement & memory

39
Q

Serotonin

A

Mood

40
Q

Dopamine

A

Pleasure chemical of the brain

41
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Response to danger “flight or flight”

42
Q

GABA

A

Calming the central nervous system

43
Q

Glutamate

A

Thinking, memory, learning

44
Q

Endorphines

A

Relieve pain and stress, feelings of pleasure/euphoria

45
Q

Afferent Neuron

A

Sensory
neuron, sensory input to
spinal cord into the brain

46
Q

Efferent Neuron

A

Motor neurons, carry signals away from central nervous system to initiate an action.

47
Q

Inter-neuron

A

Middleman between the afferent and efferent neurons

48
Q

Endocrine System

A

Glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones

49
Q

Pituitary Gland “Master Gland”

A

Controlled by the hypothalamus.

50
Q

Nature

A

Genetics

51
Q

Nurture

A

Environment

52
Q

Identical Twins

A

Have the same DNA

53
Q

Fraternal Twins

A

Have different DNA

54
Q

Heritability

A

Extent to which differences in the appearance of a trait across several people can be accounted for by differences in their genes.

55
Q

SLEEP CYCLES

A
56
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

24 hour cycle, body’s internal biological clock

57
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

Test record electrical activity in the brain.

58
Q

REM Sleep

A

Is your dream sleep. It is called Paradoxical sleep because brain waves are very active but muscles are paralyzed.

59
Q

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS

A
60
Q

Agonist

A

Mimic neurotransmitters

61
Q

Antagonist

A

Block neurotransmitters

62
Q

Depressants

A

Slow the activity of the central nervous system

63
Q

Alcohol

A

Depresses the area of the brain that controls judgement and inhibition

AP PSYCH REVIEW 2024 (13 decks)

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