unit 3 sac 2

Question 1

what is human resource management

Answer 1

it is the management of a wide range of responsibilities relating to the employee function within the business in order to increase the efficiency of both employees and the business.

Question 2

what is recruitment

Answer 2

it is recruiting the right employees with the required skill set and experience

Question 3

what is T&D

Answer 3

providing those employees with training and development

Question 4

the relationship between managing employees and business objectives

Answer 4

if your recruit the right employees, train and develop them effectively and provide them with meaningful motivation they are more likely to work hard to achieve business objectives

Question 5

what is motivation

Answer 5

the willingness of a person to expend energy and effort in doing a job or task

Question 6

what motivational theories can HRM implement

Answer 6

• Maslow hierarchy of needs
• Locke and Lathom goal setting
• Lawrence and nohria four drive theory

Question 7

what is maslows hierarchy of needs

Answer 7

a representation of human needs in the form of a pyramid or hierarchy. it includes physiological, safety, social, esteem and self actualization needs.
each level must be substantially satisfied before the next level of need is activated as the motivator. once one level is satisfied it no longer acts as a motivator

Question 8

what can satisfy each of Maslow’s needs

Answer 8

physiological - pay
safety- oh&s
social - open plan offices, parties
esteem - promotion. job title
self actualization - creative challenging work

Question 9

what are physiological needs

Answer 9

where an employee is motivated by obtaining food, water, shelter

Question 10

what are maslows safety needs

Answer 10

where an employee is motivator by obtaining physical and/or emotional safety.

Question 11

what are Maslow’s social needs

Answer 11

where an employee is motivated by obtaining positive connections and friendships

Question 12

what are maslows esteem needs

Answer 12

where an employee needs to feel valued in a workplace by getting provided a job promotion for example

Question 13

what are Maslow’s self actualization needs

Answer 13

where employees want to feel challenged and fulfilled by the work they are doing.

Question 14

advantages of Maslow

Answer 14

• tailored to each employees individual needs by identifying their level and matching strategies to specifically motivate them
• social and esteem needs emphasize good relationship, improving cc
• can motivate employees by physiological needs which can be easily be provided by the organization

Question 15

disadvantages of Maslow

Answer 15

• needs of all employees are not uniform, many are satisfied only with physiological needs and security of employment
• time consuming and difficult to work out where each employee is on the hierarchy. difficult to assess which level has been satisfied

Question 16

what is Locke and Latham goal setting theory

Answer 16

Locke states that the setting if goals leads to increased effort, task focus and persistence which leads to improved organizational performance.
two factors are considered important when setting goals ( goal difficulty and goals specificity).
goal difficulty states that the goals should be challenging but not overwhelming while goal specificity states that goals need to be cleat and concise so employees understand what the goals they are striving for are.

Question 17

what is Lawrence and nohria four drive theory

Answer 17

the four drive theory states that there are four factors that can drive human motivation; drive to bond, defend, comprehend and acquire. the drives can act independently of one another, with multiple drives motivating simultaneously

Question 18

advantages of Locke and lathoms goal setting theory

Answer 18

• goals align with organizational objectives, meaning staff are more effective
• feedback improves relationships between managers and employees

Question 19

disadvantages of Locke and lathoms goal setting theory

Answer 19

• time consuming as managers would need to set goals with employees and then periodically review these goals to provide feedback
• it may be difficult to align personal goals with organizational goals

Question 20

advantages of the 4 drive theory

Answer 20

• drive to bond emphasizes teamwork improving cc
• drive to learn motivates employees in challenging jobs resulting in lower staff turnover and staff absenteeism
• drive to learn offers more opportunities for development increasing morals
• drive to defend can be a source of motivation

Question 21

disadvantages of the 4 drive theory

Answer 21

• teamwork can result in conflict
• desire to learn can be expensive
• drive to defend can lower morale if employee feels threatened

Question 22

what is the motivational strategy performance related pay

Answer 22

A financial reward to employees whose work has reached or exceeded a set standard.

Question 23

what are the disadvantages of performance related pay

Answer 23

-Reduces equality in employees pay
-Generates performer culture which leads to jealousy and lower morale
-Difficult to measure productivity

Question 24

what are the advantages of performance related pay

Answer 24

• Provides a direct financial reward to an employee
• Can improve productivity levels
• Encourages realistic goal setting

Question 25

what is career advancement

Answer 25

Promoting employees to position that include more responsibility or authority meets the following motivational criteria for employees

Question 25

what are the advantages of career advancement

Answer 25

- Acts as a reward for past performance - Potential to act as a long term motivator - Opportunity to increase employees contribution

Question 25

what are the disadvantages of career advancement

Answer 25

- Potential to de motivate employees overlooked for a promotion. - Employee promoted beyond their capability levels. - Creates a felling of unrest if promotion was not warranted

Question 26

what is investment in training

Answer 26

Employees gain skills and job knowledge through training and job experience, it is important to train employees in the skills they need to perform their job tasks properly.

Question 27

what is a advantage of investment in training

Answer 27

- Indicates the business values its employees and the contribution they make to the business - Creates positive C.C - Creates a sense of loyalty and attachment to the business

Question 28

what is a disadvantage of investment in training

Answer 28

- Expensive - May highlight areas where the business is lacking. - If they don’t get opportunities to use these skills it leads to disenchantment

Question 29

what is support and sanction

Answer 29

For employees of any business, an important motivating factor is the feeling that they are supported, encouraged and acknowledged for their work performance and have job security

Question 30

what is a disadvantage of support and sanction

Answer 30

- Positive C.C needs to already be established - Support relies on manager exercising good communication. - Confidential nature can mean manager may not be aware of employees problems

Question 31

what is training

Answer 31

it is the process of providing staff with the knowledge and skills required

Question 32

what is development

Answer 32

the process designed to build up skills necessary for future work activities and responsibilty.

Question 33

what are the levels of training

Answer 33

there are 3 levels of planning used to determine the training needs of a business: - organizational analysis - task analysis - personal analysis

Question 34

what is on the job training

Answer 34

training that takes place within the work place generally by mentors or other employees.

Question 35

what are advantages of on the job training

Answer 35

- employees are being trained on the specific equipment they will use - able o practice under the supervision of a more experienced staff member

Question 36

what are disadvantages of on the job training

Answer 36

- training may be sub standard of the mentor is sub par - training may be inadequately planned and disjointed in delivery

Question 37

what is off the job training

Answer 37

off the job training is training that takes place outside of the workplace by trained professionals

Question 38

what are the advantages of off the job training

Answer 38

- a wide range of skills can be taught - learning from specialists and experts

Question 39

what are the disadvantages of off the job training

Answer 39

- more expensive - lost working time and potential output from employees in training course

Question 40

what is managment by objective

Answer 40

means an employee is managed based on whether they are achieving the businesses goals there are 3 steps to evaluating: 1. employees and employers set the goals 2. employees work towards that goal and managers give feedback 3. employee performance is assessed and recognition is determined

Question 40

what are appraisals

Answer 40

performance appraisals measure how well an employee has performed their job. provides feedback to employees and established plans to improve performance. generally written

Question 41

what is self evaluation

Answer 41

employees evaluate themselves on both their performance related to their predetermined objectives and their contribution to their business team or unit.

Question 42

what does performance managment strategies hope to do

Answer 42

they hope to achieve employee and business objectives

Question 43

what are employee observation

Answer 43

this is when feedback is collected on a regular basis from a range of sources , including employees managers , the colleagues and often customers.

Question 44

what is termination management

Answer 44

termination results from decisions ,made by either the employer or the employee to end the employment contract. There are two types of termination: voluntary- resignation, retirement involuntary - dismissal, redundancy

Question 45

what is voluntary termination

Answer 45

resignation - voluntary termination that occurs when an employee leaves a work place to go to another retirement - voluntary termination where an employee decides to leave the paid workforce

Question 46

what can voluntary termination cause

Answer 46

- loss of talent - cost of replacment

Question 47

what is involuntary termination

Answer 47

redundancy - the employment contract is terminated as the position is no longer needed by the business dismissal - termination of an employment contract due to incompetence or indiscipline

Question 48

what is entitlements and transition issues

Answer 48

when an employment relationship ends, employees are entitled to receive; - remuneration still owing - accrued annual leave - long service requirements retrenched employees get redundancy entitlements and; - counselling - resume writing - interview skills

Question 49

what are workplace relations

Answer 49

the contractual, emotional, physical and practical relationships between employers and employees

Question 50

what are employees and the trade union

Answer 50

trade union is an organization formed to represent and protect the rights of workers in a particular industry advocate on the employees behalf for high pay and better working conditions

Question 51

what is the employer association

Answer 51

provides a wide range of advice to employers and represents their interest on workplace relations issues represents employers

Question 52

what is the HRM in relation to workplace relations

Answer 52

the HRM acts as an intermediary between unions and employer associations

Question 53

what is the FWC

Answer 53

an independent government body that assists employers and employees in workplace relations create and maintain the NES provide assistance with resolution of workplace relations ratify awards

Question 54

what are the NES

Answer 54

acts as a safety net and are the minimum standards f employment - max weekly hours - annual leave - parental leave - public holidays etc.,

Question 55

what is an award

Answer 55

it is the minimum pay and working conditions for an industry determined by the FWC and is reviewed every 6 months

Question 56

what is an agreement

Answer 56

pay and working conditions for an organization set by the employer and employee must pass the better off overall test and is ratified by the FWC reviewed every 4 years

Question 57

what is the dispute resolution process

Answer 57

1. mediation - resolved in the workplace by employee an employer, HRM is mediator 2. conciliation - FWC mediated between both parties and is impartial 3. arbitration - the FWC listens and makes a legally binding decision

Question 58

what are the types of industrial managemnet

Answer 58

employee can only take legal industrial action when they are negotiation a new collective agreement range from - passive agreement - work to rule - boycott - stop work meeting - picket line - strike - lockout

Question 59

advantages of awards

Answer 59

- paying minimum wage - reduces wage expense - easy for the business to determine correct pay

Question 60

disadvantages of awards

Answer 60

- low employee moral as they are only receiving minimum wage - lack of flexibility to tailor award

Question 61

advantage of agreements

Answer 61

- higher moral as employee obtain a higher wage compared to the award - greater flexibility to tailor pay and wc to specific organization

Question 62

disadvantages of agreements

Answer 62

- time ocnsuminh to negotiate and may cause conflict - more costly as it must pass better off overall test

Question 63

similarites between agreements and awards

Answer 63

- a method to determine working conditions and pay - both need to adhere to the 10 NES

Question 64

differnces between awards and agreements

Answer 64

- agreements pay more than awards as they must pass better off overall test - award is reviewed every 6 months whereas agreements is every 4 years - the FWC ratifies agreements

Question 65

the HRM question answer

Answer 65

- human resource managment is the managment of a wide range of responsibilities relating to the human function in a business in order to increase both employee and business efficiency - if the HRM at ' business' is able to recruit highly trained, appropriately paid and motivated employees, this would then allow them to provide a high quality low cost ' product'.