Unit 3 SAC 1 Flashcards
Incidence
The number of new cases of a condition during a given period of time
Prevalence
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time
Morbidity
Refers to Ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group
Burden of disease
A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY
Disability adjusted life years (DALYs)
A measure of burden of disease one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
Years of life lost (YLL)
A measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death
Years of life lost due to disability (YLD)
A measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to illness, injury or disability
Life expectancy
An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age of death rates in do not change
Health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality
Mortality
Refers to death, often at a population level
Maternal mortality
Death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or within six weeks of delivery
Maternal mortality ratio
The number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth per 100,000 life births
Infant mortality
The death of a child between birth and their first birthday
Infant mortality rate
The rate of deaths of infants between birth and the first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births
Under 5 mortality
The death of a child under 5 year of age
Under 5 mortality rate
The rate of deaths occurring in children under 5 years of age per 1000 live births
Self assessed health status
A measure based on a persons own opinion about how they feel about their health and well-being, their state of mind and their life in genera. It is commonly sourced from population surveys
Individual benefits of H and W
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National benefits of H and W
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Global benefits of H and W
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Health prerequisite- Peace
- defined as the absence of conflict
- decreased risk of injury and illness.
- infrastructure is preserved
- governments can spend money on education not warfare
Health prerequisite - Shelter
-a structure that provides protection from the outside environment
- provides protection, safety and security
- provides a sense of belonging
- promotes adequate sleep
Health prerequisite - Education
- increases and individuals ability to gain meaningful employment and earn an income
- more likely to understand health promotion messages such as safe sex and healthy eating
- educated women have more choices
Health prerequisite- Food
- Food security is the state in which all people can obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate safe food regularly through non emergency sources
- provides energy and reduces malnutrition
- increases immune function which reduces disease
- improves intellectual capacity
Health prerequisite- Income
- increases ones ability to afford resources such as healthcare, education and transport.
- reduces stress and anxiety
- increases tax revenue which government can invest in healthcare, housing e.c.t
Health prerequisite- Stable ecosystem
- ecosystem is a community consisting of all the living and non living components of an particular area
- plants and animals are needed for food security
- plants and animals provide agricultural employment
- clean air and water is needed to live
Health prerequisite- sustainable resources
- meeting the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future generations
- forests provide timber for housing and environments provide fibre for clothing
- fish stocks are depleting due to overfishing
- food and water sources are needed to survive
Health prerequisite- social justice and equity
- social justice - equal rights for all regardless of person traits. All people treated fairly in public and private life
- poverty and discrimination are targeted for improvement
- equal access to housing,education,healthcare
- equity - all people should have access to the resources they require for decent living. Includes taking into account unfair circumstances
- disadvantages are given opportunity on a level playing field
- providing opportunity for those who need it most
Physical health and well-being
Relates to functioning of the body and its systems, it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities and tasks
- healthy body weight
- regular exercise
- strong immunity
Mental health and well-being
Refers to the current state of mind or brain and relates to the ability to think and process information. Includes forming positive or negative thoughts about self
- low levels of stress
- low level of anxiety
- positive self esteem
Social health and well-being
Relates to the ability to interact with others and form satisfying meaningful relationships with others. It also includes being able to adapt to different social situations
- effective communication
- supportive friends and family
- Productive relationships
Emotional health and well-being
Relates to the ability to manage and express emotions and feelings in a positive way as well as the ability to display resilience
Spiritual health and wellbeing
Refers to the beliefs and values a person chooses to live by and relates to concepts such as peace and having a sense of belonging. It also includes religious beliefs and connections to surroundings
