Models of Health Flashcards
public health
The organised response by society to protect and promote health, and to prevent illness, injury or disability
old public health
Focus on improving infrastructure & the physical environment, especially to provide adequate shelter, clean water and sanitation.
Medical profession has a central place. Focus on the prevention and treatment of disease.
Primary concern is with the prevention of infectious and contagious diseases that pose a threat to health. Improving conditions of those most vulnerable.
new public health
Organised response by society to protect and promote health and to prevent injury, illness and disability.
Understanding of how lifestyle and living conditions influence health status,
Implementing policies and programs, and providing services that protect and promote health and equity.
Focus on disease prevention and health promotion.
Biomedical Approach To Health
Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness.
It is a medical model of care practiced by doctors and health professionals,
associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease.
Social Model Of Health
An approach that recognises improvements in health and wellbeing can only be achieved by directing effort towards addressing the physical, sociocultural and political environments of health that have an impact on individuals and population groups
Guiding Principles of the Social Model of Health
A.R.E.A.S.
A- addressing the broader determinants (factor) of health R- acts to reduce social inequalities E- empowers individuals and communities A- acts to enable healthcare S- involves InterSectorial collaboration
Ottawa Charter For
Health Promotion
It defines health promotion as ‘the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health’.
Addresses the broader determinants (factors) of health
Addressing biological, sociocultural AND environmental factors, rather than focusing on the actions or behaviours of individuals.
Society shares responsibility for health and promote health among the most vulnerable, implementing policies and changes to the environment that promote their health.
Example : legislation banning tobacco smoking in public areas.
Acts to Reduce social inequities
Reducing inequities that exist in relation to the health status and provision of health services attributed to a range of factors such as gender, age, race, socioeconomic status, location and physical environment.
Society needs to ensure equality in terms of access to services, and equity in terms of ensuring that those who are disadvantaged due to income, age, race, gender or location have these inequities removed.
Example : providing immunisation programs in schools, Aboriginal Quitline
Empowers Individuals and Communities
For the Community - providing information and resources so individuals can work collectively to address the determinants that impact on health, and therefore benefit the broader community group.
For Individuals - empowering them with the knowledge, confidence, skills, resources to enable them to make decisions and take action to promote their own health.
Acts to enable access to healthcare
Services and information should be readily available and based on need to all.
Involves InterSectorial Collaboration
Integrated action between government departments, the private sector and the health sector.
Example : VicHealth replacing tobacco advertising at sporting events;
Three Basic Strategies
Enable
Mediate
Advocate
Enable
Aim is to support and provide people with the knowledge, information, opportunities, resources and skills that they need to make choices that support good health.
Mediate
health promotion can not be achieved by the health sector alone; its success will depend on the collaboration of all sectors together along with independent organisations working together.
health promotion will be more successful if the community works as a whole to improve and maintain health.
