Unit 3 Role+function

Question 1

Althusser

Marxist

Answer 1

Ideological state apparatus- maintain class inequalities, transmit ruling class ideologies through hidden curriculum

Question 2

Bowles+Gintis

Marxist

Answer 2

Correspondence theory- what you learn in school prepares you for exploitation in workplace

Question 3

Willis

Marxist

Answer 3

Learning to labour
‘Lads/ear oles’
Anti-school, led to shop floor culture WC boys

Question 4

Rikowski

Marxist

Answer 4

Education has become a global commodity- a product of buying and selling

Question 5

Cote

Marxist

Answer 5

Education prepares an over-qualified reserve army of labour

Not enough graduate jobs

Question 6

Bourdieu

Marxist

Answer 6

Cultural capital benefits MC- cultural capital=educational success- pay for tutors/books/trips etc

Question 7

Gerwitz

Marxist

Answer 7

MC= ‘privileged skills choosers’

Question 8

Ball

Marxist

Answer 8

MC parents manipulate the system

Question 9

Cohen

Marxist

Answer 9

Youth training was to cultivate ‘good attitudes’ in young people, training actually de-skilled the workforce

Question 10

Finn

Marxist

Answer 10

Vocational education used to make young people employable- right attitudes for low paid+low skilled work

Question 11

Green

Marxist

Answer 11

Vocational education- basic/ transferable skills related to unskilled/ low paid jobs in retail rather than craft skills

Question 12

University tuition fees
(Commodity- Rikowski)
Marxist

Answer 12

Over £9k/year- educations being run like a business

Question 13

Graduate jobs
(Cote)
Marxist

Answer 13

Graduate jobs would pay £30k+ but now starting pay is £19-22k/year depending on profession

Question 14

DFE 2012
(Bourdieu- cultural capital)
Marxist

Answer 14

35% GCSE students FSM= 5 A*-C

62% GCSE students no FSM= 5 A*-C

Question 15

Sutton Trust
(Bourdieu- cultural capital)
Marxist

Answer 15

50% students attending elite Westminster schools got a place in Oxford/ Cambridge

Question 16

Durkheim

Functionalist

Answer 16

Education is functional for teaching children skills for specialised division of labour in society

Question 17

Parsons

Functionalist

Answer 17

Sees school as a microcosm of society- represents a miniature version of society
Bridge from family to wider society

Question 18

Davis and Moore

Functionalist

Answer 18

Education performs role allocation and grades people in terms of ability, which is rewarded in exam success

Question 19

Kelly

Feminist

Answer 19

books and textbooks where women are portrayed as dependent on men and the absence of women in science texts

Question 20

Colley

Feminist

Answer 20

female students being made to feel uncomfortable in certain subjects, e.g computing where boys ‘colonise’ the space around the computers and teachers fail to intervene, leaving girls feeling excluded

Subject choice based on: learning environment, subject preferences+perception of gender roles

Question 21

Skelton

Feminist

Answer 21

‘hidden curriculum’ responsible for perpetuating gender differences in subject choices

Question 22

Heaton+Lawson

Feminist

Answer 22

the ‘hidden curriculum’ is a major source of gender socialisation and operates in 5 ways:

• books + textbooks
• female students feel uncomfortable
• teacher expectations
• patriarchal curriculum
• lack of positive role models

Question 23

Becker

Interactionist

Answer 23

‘Ideal pupil’- more likely to achieve

WC=labelled as less likely to achieve- self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 24

Keddie

Interactionist

Answer 24

‘A’ and ‘C’ streamers- A labelled more positively+trusted to work alone than C- self-fulfilling prophecies: A increased achievement, C lack of achievement

Question 25

Jasper | Interactionist

Answer 25

Reason for bad pupils- institutional racism from teachers

Question 27

Hargreaves | Interactionist

Answer 27

Speculation, working hypothesis, elaboration and stabilisation

Question 28

Speculation | Hargreaves-Interactionist

Answer 28

Initial guesses by teachers about students’ abilities based on appearance and discipline

Question 29

Working hypothesis | Hargreaves-Interactionist

Answer 29

Based on interaction with students- teachers develop theories about the ‘type of student they are talking to’

Question 30

Elaboration | Hargreaves-Interactionist

Answer 30

Teachers’ initial ‘hypothesis’ is tested in the classroom- they either confirm or reject their ‘guesses’ based on observing the student

Question 31

Stabilisation | Hargreaves-Interactionist

Answer 31

The teacher feels they know the student and interpret everything about them based on their judgements and interactions eg if they were labelled as ‘deviant’ it is difficult for the teacher to see that students’ behaviour in a positive way

Question 32

Gillborn | Interactionist

Answer 32

Institutional racism within schools because they were picking on EMG for being disruptive+threats

Question 33

Abraham | Interactionist

Answer 33

Class+gender ideologies promoted in by teachers who subconsciously label students. Suggests that teachers need specific training to recognise this labelling leads to underachievement of WC

Question 35

Usher | Postmodernist

Answer 35

Increasing diversity, choice and change that characterises today’s society and the need to meet the demands of contemporary society

Question 36

Bryant+Edwards | Postmodernist

Answer 36

Education can be used to influence identity and argue that adult education can play a big part in this

Question 37

Illich | Liberal

Answer 37

Students are encouraged to pick courses from a wide range of disciplines

Question 38

A.S. Neil’s Summerhill School | Liberal

Answer 38

Allows students more choice about their education | Develop range of skills rather than just following the formal curriculum

Question 39

Marketisation | New right

Answer 39

The education system should operate on the same principle as the market for goods and services

Question 40

Parentocracy | New right

Answer 40

Schools should respond to what consumers want (parentocracy) and resources will go to the most successful in attracting ‘customers’ and the least successful will have to improv, shut or be taken over by the more successful

Question 41

Raise standards | New right

Answer 41

A market-led system will make education more accountable and save tax payers’ money Eg- praise 1988 Education Reform Act that aimed to raise standards through introducing the National Curriculum

Question 42

Halsey | Social Democratic

Answer 42

Education does not meet the role of providing equality and criticise Grammar Schools by stating that they benefit the MC- can afford tutors to pass rigorous 11+

Question 43

``` New Labour (1997) Social Democratic ```

Answer 43

Inequalities prevent individuals from some chances, so the gov introduced compensatory measures (EMA+Sure Start) to bring about greater equality