gender inequalities Flashcards
THEORIES
THEORIES
FUNCTIONALISM
FUNCTIONALISM
source of inequality
FUNCTIONALISM
biological differences
key thinkers
FUNCTIONALISM
- murdock
- parsons
- rastogi
murdock
women are at home because they have the ability to bare children and men are at work because they are more physically able and therefore are responsible for being the breadwinner
parsons
male=instrumental
female=expressive
gender differences in the labour market are set up by industrialisation
rastogi
human capital theory- meritocracy- people have different roles in society and people are rewarded in different ways
- men and women have different skill sets
- gender inequality does not exist, qualifications lead to different jobs
evaluation (criticisms) of functionalist view
- Oakley- gender roles=socially constructed
- Human Capital Theory disadvantages women- ignores socialisation
- out of date with social changes
- Feminists- society is patriarchal, women have more barriers to match men in workplace
Theories- criticisms
Of FUNCTIONALISM
- Radical feminists- patriarchal- biology causes inequality: allows men to maintain advantage
- Marxist/ Marxist Feminists- capitalism
- Liberal Feminists- convenient
- Black Feminists- ethnocentrism
- Post Feminists- outdated
- Weberian- class, status and party
- Postmodernists- outdated
NEW RIGHT
NEW RIGHT
source of inequality
NEW RIGHT
biological and innate differences
key thinkers
NEW RIGHT
Murray
Schlafly
Saunders
Murray
rising birth rates outside of marriage , crime+youth unemployment=irresponsible attitudes in underclass+affects neighbourhoods
- advocates the nuclear family
- blames single parent mothers
- it is functional for women to fulfil the housewife role
schlafly
acknowledges that marriage can be difficult but sees it as the most fulfilling role for women
MARXISM
MARXISM
source of inequality
MARXISM
capitalism
key thinkers
MARXISM
engles
engles
suggested that women’s subordinate position is a result of the ownership of private property and the development of the nuclear families.
the exploiter-exploited relationship that occurs between the RC and WC is translated into the household in relationships between men and women
RADICAL FEMINISM
RADICAL FEMINISM
source of inequality
RADICAL FEMINISM
patriarchy and sexual harassment
key thinkers
RADICAL FEMINISM
stanko
adkins
millett
johnson
stanko
sexual harrassment in the workplace is used to keep women in their place- their jobs are sexualised and not taken seriously and not considered for promotion
adkins
horizontal segregation in a theme park of males and females- ride operators were male and caterers were female. female staff were subject to sexual harassment from colleagues and customers+expected to put up with it
millett
men cannot legitimate their power due to technology advancements- dishwasher and washing machine- more efficient for women and they get more done and therefore do not need a man in the house to help
johnson
terroristic control of wives with domestic violence (psychological, physical, verbal, emotional), threats and isolation
evaluation of radical feminist view
- liberal feminists- position of women in society has changed+is ignored by RF
- accused of over-emphasising factors that separate men from women
- men+women report having fulfilling relationships with equal div. of labour- thus improvements are happening
theories- criticisms
OF RADICAL FEMINISM
functionalism- biology marxist/ marxist fem- capitalism liberal- convenient black- ethnocentric post fem- outdated weberian- class, status and party post mod- outdated
MARXIST FEMINISTS
MARXIST FEMINISTS
source of inequality
MARXIST FEMINISTS
patriarchy and capitalism
key thinkers
MARXIST FEMINISTS
feeley
benston
ansley
beechey
feeley
socialise females into norms that benefit capitalism- leads to female subordination. men brainwashed into being the breadwinner
benston
if women were paid for domestic work, there would be a massive redistribution of wealth
ansley
women act as the safety net for men as they are ‘takers of shit’. women absorb men’s anger
beechey
he sees women as a cheap reserve army of labour, bought in during economic booms but thrown out during slumps
evaluation
MARXIST FEMINISTS
- only focus on class, not age/ ethnicity etc
- postmodernists believe social class is dead
- RF argue patriarchy is main inequality source
- relies on revolution to bring about change, but it does not appear to be happening
