gender inequalities

Question 1

THEORIES

Answer 1

THEORIES

Question 2

FUNCTIONALISM

Answer 2

FUNCTIONALISM

Question 3

source of inequality

FUNCTIONALISM

Answer 3

biological differences

Question 4

key thinkers

FUNCTIONALISM

Answer 4

• murdock
• parsons
• rastogi

Question 5

murdock

Answer 5

women are at home because they have the ability to bare children and men are at work because they are more physically able and therefore are responsible for being the breadwinner

Question 6

parsons

Answer 6

male=instrumental
female=expressive
gender differences in the labour market are set up by industrialisation

Question 7

rastogi

Answer 7

human capital theory- meritocracy- people have different roles in society and people are rewarded in different ways

• men and women have different skill sets
• gender inequality does not exist, qualifications lead to different jobs

Question 8

evaluation (criticisms) of functionalist view

Answer 8

• Oakley- gender roles=socially constructed
• Human Capital Theory disadvantages women- ignores socialisation
• out of date with social changes
• Feminists- society is patriarchal, women have more barriers to match men in workplace

Question 9

Theories- criticisms

Of FUNCTIONALISM

Answer 9

• Radical feminists- patriarchal- biology causes inequality: allows men to maintain advantage
• Marxist/ Marxist Feminists- capitalism
• Liberal Feminists- convenient
• Black Feminists- ethnocentrism
• Post Feminists- outdated
• Weberian- class, status and party
• Postmodernists- outdated

Question 10

NEW RIGHT

Answer 10

NEW RIGHT

Question 11

source of inequality

NEW RIGHT

Answer 11

biological and innate differences

Question 12

key thinkers

NEW RIGHT

Answer 12

Murray
Schlafly
Saunders

Question 13

Murray

Answer 13

rising birth rates outside of marriage , crime+youth unemployment=irresponsible attitudes in underclass+affects neighbourhoods

• advocates the nuclear family
• blames single parent mothers
• it is functional for women to fulfil the housewife role

Question 14

schlafly

Answer 14

acknowledges that marriage can be difficult but sees it as the most fulfilling role for women

Question 15

MARXISM

Answer 15

MARXISM

Question 16

source of inequality

MARXISM

Answer 16

capitalism

Question 17

key thinkers

MARXISM

Answer 17

engles

Question 18

engles

Answer 18

suggested that women’s subordinate position is a result of the ownership of private property and the development of the nuclear families.

the exploiter-exploited relationship that occurs between the RC and WC is translated into the household in relationships between men and women

Question 19

RADICAL FEMINISM

Answer 19

RADICAL FEMINISM

Question 20

source of inequality

RADICAL FEMINISM

Answer 20

patriarchy and sexual harassment

Question 21

key thinkers

RADICAL FEMINISM

Answer 21

stanko
adkins
millett
johnson

Question 22

stanko

Answer 22

sexual harrassment in the workplace is used to keep women in their place- their jobs are sexualised and not taken seriously and not considered for promotion

Question 23

adkins

Answer 23

horizontal segregation in a theme park of males and females- ride operators were male and caterers were female. female staff were subject to sexual harassment from colleagues and customers+expected to put up with it

Question 24

millett

Answer 24

men cannot legitimate their power due to technology advancements- dishwasher and washing machine- more efficient for women and they get more done and therefore do not need a man in the house to help

Question 25

johnson

Answer 25

terroristic control of wives with domestic violence (psychological, physical, verbal, emotional), threats and isolation

Question 26

evaluation of radical feminist view

Answer 26

• liberal feminists- position of women in society has changed+is ignored by RF
• accused of over-emphasising factors that separate men from women
• men+women report having fulfilling relationships with equal div. of labour- thus improvements are happening

Question 27

theories- criticisms

OF RADICAL FEMINISM

Answer 27

functionalism- biology
marxist/ marxist fem- capitalism
liberal- convenient
black- ethnocentric 
post fem- outdated 
weberian- class, status and party 
post mod- outdated

Question 28

MARXIST FEMINISTS

Answer 28

MARXIST FEMINISTS

Question 29

source of inequality

MARXIST FEMINISTS

Answer 29

patriarchy and capitalism

Question 30

key thinkers

MARXIST FEMINISTS

Answer 30

feeley
benston
ansley
beechey

Question 31

feeley

Answer 31

socialise females into norms that benefit capitalism- leads to female subordination. men brainwashed into being the breadwinner

Question 32

benston

Answer 32

if women were paid for domestic work, there would be a massive redistribution of wealth

Question 33

ansley

Answer 33

women act as the safety net for men as they are ‘takers of shit’. women absorb men’s anger

Question 34

beechey

Answer 34

he sees women as a cheap reserve army of labour, bought in during economic booms but thrown out during slumps

Question 35

evaluation

MARXIST FEMINISTS

Answer 35

• only focus on class, not age/ ethnicity etc
• postmodernists believe social class is dead
• RF argue patriarchy is main inequality source
• relies on revolution to bring about change, but it does not appear to be happening