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Sociology > Unit 2 Sociology > Flashcards

Unit 2 Sociology Flashcards

1
Q

Kelly
Education
G

A

Science is packaged as a boy’s subject

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2
Q

Colley
Education
G

A

Subject choices are negatively impacted by: learning environment, subject preferences and perceptions of gender roles

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3
Q

Skelton
Education
G

A

‘Hidden curriculum’ influences subject choices

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4
Q

Mitsos and Browne
Education
G

A

Teachers are more lenient towards males

Hard on girls who are sen as breaking both the school rules and gender norms- ‘doubly deviant’

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5
Q

Adkins
Workplace/ income
G

A

Horizontal/ vertical segregation
Limited job options for women- used as sexual attraction
Men- mechanics
Women- caterers

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6
Q

Sticky floors
Workplace/ income
G

A

Women are stuck in lower job roles

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7
Q

Leaky pipeline
Workplace/ income
G

A

Women are discouraged from male dominated roles

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8
Q

Glass ceiling
Workplace/ income
G

A

Women are able to see the higher positions within the workplace but cannot access them

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9
Q

Mac an Ghail
Workplace/ income
G

A

The crisis of masculinity

Deindustrialisation and feminisation of the labour market has led to increased unemployment for men

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10
Q

Fawcett society
Workplace/ income
G

A

Women make up 20% of directors on FTSE 100 brands and 11% of UK bank CEOs are women

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11
Q

UK health and safety data
Workplace/ income
G

A

Suggests that more than 95% of the 200 people killed in the workplace every year are men

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12
Q

Stereotyping
Crime
G

A

Basing your beliefs of someone on their gender

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13
Q

Labelling
Crime
G

A

When someone is associated with a certain stereotype based on their label which influences how they are treated

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14
Q

Dark figure of crime
Crime
G

A

Unreported rape and sexual assault

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15
Q

Harding
Crime
G

A

Street casino- young black Afro-Caribbean boys are more likely to be dragged into gangs

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16
Q

British crime survey
Crime
G

A

13% of girls aged 16-19 had experienced domestic abuse and only 7/100 rape cases reported to the police resulted in a conviction

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17
Q

Messerschmidt
Crime
G

A

The gang acts as a location for ‘doing masculinity’ which has been ‘accomplished’ and proven

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18
Q

Home office
Crime
G

A

Women are more likely than men to be victims of domestic violence
1 in 4 women experience domestic violence at some point in their lifetimes
6-10% of women experience it in a given year

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19
Q

Double standard of ageing
Media
G

A

Women are encouraged to prevent ageing at all costs but older men are accepted and represented in the media

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20
Q

Ferguson
Media
G

A

The cult of femininity is passed on through lads magazines where women are highly sexualised

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21
Q

Billington
Media
G

A

Women are represented as subordinate and men are represented as dominant in the media

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22
Q

Hughes
Media
G

A

Digital communication can help to reproduce patriarchy through sex exploitation such as bride trafficking and sex tourism. He calls this the ‘Dark Net’

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23
Q

Demos study
Media
G

A

Found extensive use of misogynistic language online and studied the amount of times this language was used on Twitter

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24
Q

Life chances
Education
G

A

A theory of the opportunities each individual has to improve his or her quality of life

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25
Q

Cultural capital
Education
C

A

MC have more cultural capital than other classes

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26
Q

Meritocracy
Education
C

A

Social system that gives the greatest power and highest social positions to people with the most ability

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27
Q

Becker
Education
C

A

Argues that MC pupils are labelled as the ‘ideal pupil’, therefore teachers label them more positively leading to their educational achievement

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28
Q

DFE (2012)
Education
C

A

Only 35% of students who receive FSM achieved 5 A*-C grades at GCSE compared to 62% of non-FSM students

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29
Q

Willis
Education
C

A

WC lads knew working hard in education was pointless

30
Q

Social mobility
Workplace/ income
C

A

Movements between classes and you can change your class

31
Q

Saunders
Workplace/ income
C

A

Ability is inherited- MC+UC are more likely to be successful

32
Q

Goldthorpe
Workplace/ income
C

A

Increase in social mobility after WW2 is just evidence of more service sector jobs

33
Q

Milburn
Workplace/ income
C

A

‘Cosy club’ UK’s top jobs ‘disproportionately held by people from a narrow range of backgrounds’

34
Q

Scott
Workplace/ income
C

A

Social closure ensures UC maintains highest concentration of wealth- intermarriage, high culture, old boy network

35
Q

White collar crime
Crime
C

A

MC are just as likely to commit crime as WC (tax evasion) however will not be punished as harshly

36
Q

Murray
Crime
C

A

Single working mothers are more likely to raise children to become criminals and workshy

37
Q

Jacobson
Crime
C

A

3/4 children in custody have absent fathers
1/2 from deprived households
1/2 had to run away

38
Q

Graham and Bowling
Crime
C

A

MC children just as likely to be involved in crime but it’s a case of ‘who you know’ in order to get you out of trouble

39
Q

Walmsley
Crime
C

A

41% prisoners are from lowest classes

40
Q

Digital divide
Media
C

A

WC only use technology for entertainment

41
Q

Digital underclass
Media
C

A

WC do not have as much access to technology as UC+MC

42
Q

Boyle
Media
C

A

Media convergence- one device accesses media- power of advertising causes capitalism ideologies to spread

43
Q

Castells
Media
C

A

‘Information age’ benefit ruling elite- will have control over networks and information generated

44
Q

Conford + Robins
Media
C

A

Surveillance by companies target WC + pass on ruling class ideologies which benefits UC

45
Q

Mertens + D’Haenens
Media
C

A

Digital divide- Brussels
Lower social classes= 81% used internet (entertainment)
MC=94% used internet (boost knowledge)

46
Q

Institutional racism
Education
E

A

Organisation discriminate against certain ethnic groups

47
Q

Ethnocentric curriculum
Education
E

A

Curriculum board is specific to one ethnicity eg history- English history is taught in England

48
Q

Gillborn
Education
E

A

Black Afro-Caribbean boys in lower sets- limiting success- institutional racism, self-fulfilling prophecy

49
Q

Mirza
Education
E

A

Black Afro-Caribbean boys face negative labelling from teachers

50
Q

Coard
Education
E

A

‘Ethnocentric curriculum’ focuses on white British history

51
Q

Horizontal segregation
Workplace/ income
E

A

can only profess sideways in the workplace and cannot work to move upwards

52
Q

Concrete ceiling
Workplace/ income
E

A

Ethnic minorities face a solid barrier which prevents them from obtaining the top positions

53
Q

Ethnic penalty
Workplace/ income
E

A

Disadvantage faced by ethnic minorities in labour market compared to whites of the same age

54
Q

The Secret Policeman
Workplace/ income
E

A

Ethnographic study found evidence of institutional racism in the police force

55
Q

Clark and Drinkwater
Workplace/ income
E

A

Men from EMG in managerial jobs earn up to 25% less than their white colleagues

56
Q

Social Trends 2017
Crime
E

A

Black=7x, Asian=3x more likely to be stopped and searched than white people

57
Q

Alexander
Crime
E

A

‘Myth of the Asian Gang’- moral panic by the media

58
Q

Phillips + Bowling
Crime
E

A

Police patrol EMG areas and over-represent them in crime statistics

59
Q

Tokenism
Media
E

A

Black people in TV are ‘token black characters’ and not meaningful characters

60
Q

Sewell
Media
E

A

Hypermasculinity, rapper male role models in the media

61
Q

Jhally
Media
E

A

EMG negatively stereotyped in media

62
Q

Hall
Media
E

A

The media shows basic representations . Ethnicity is viewed through the ‘white eye’

63
Q

Institutional ageism
Workplace/ income
A

A

Structures+laws in society discriminate against certain age groups eg elderly

64
Q

Barron+Norris
Workplace/ income
A

A

Dual labour market:
Primary- middle aged people
Secondary- youth and elderly

65
Q

The guardian
Workplace/ income
A

A

High youth unemployment- only 1 million jobs for young people have been lost since 2007

66
Q

Johnson
Workplace/ income
A

A

Institutional ageism in workplace- mistreat the elderly

67
Q

Ritzer
Workplace/ income
A

A

‘McJobs’- low status jobs with little training- held by young people

68
Q

Jacobson
Crime
A

A

young offenders were vulnerable and came from ‘complex backgrounds’

69
Q

ONS
Crime
A

A

Risk of being victim of murder or manslaughter in 2007/08 was highest for men 16+20
Young adults 16-19 most at risk of domestic abuse

70
Q

Griffin
Crime
A

A

Youths are dysfunctional, deviant and suffering a deficit

71
Q

Sontag
Crime
A

A

Double standard of ageing

72
Q

Carrigan+Szmigin
Crime
A

A

Elderly are negatively stereotyped in the media as ‘smelly’ and ‘incontinent’

Sociology (9 decks)

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