Marx

Question 1

functionalism

KEY THINKERS

Answer 1

• Durkheim
• Parsons
• Davis and Moore
• Murdock

Question 2

consensus theory

Answer 2

an agreement of values in society that creates order and stability in society

Question 3

organic analogy

Answer 3

the human body is like society- some parts are more important than others

Question 4

value consensus

Answer 4

social institutions such as family, media, education and workplace- creates order and stability in society

Question 5

social solidarity

Answer 5

everything functions for the benefit of society- to create order

Question 6

meritocracy

Answer 6

if you work hard you should be successful in society and be rewarded

Question 7

social mobility

Answer 7

ability to move through society- working hard=moving up in social classes

Question 8

stratification

Answer 8

systems or inequality eg gender. ethnicity, race, social class)

Question 9

division of labour

Answer 9

people doing different jobs

Question 10

functional importance

Answer 10

everything has a function in society

Question 11

New Right

KEY THINKERS

Answer 11

• Saunders
• Murray
• Schlafly

Question 12

Saunders

Answer 12

• people are encouraged to pursue self-interest
• competition ensures services increase in quality and fall in price
• ‘trickle-down theory’: some entrepreneurs make some people rich, at the same time the rest of society benefits, grows and becomes more affluent

Question 13

Murray

Answer 13

• underclass are lazy, workshy, immoral, criminal+dependent on benefits
• the underclass are a ‘dependency culture’
• blames the welfare state for not providing incentive to work and causing these groups to emerge

Question 14

Marxism

KEY THINKERS

Answer 14

• Marx
• Westergaard
• Scott
• Engels

Question 15

exploitation

Answer 15

in a capitalist system the bourgeoisie exploit the proletariat by paying them low wages for their work so that they can make greater profits

Question 16

alienation

Answer 16

the way workers feel when doing boring work. they have no control over their work. they are kept separate from each other in creating their part of the final product

Question 17

false class consciousness

Answer 17

false view of society and your position in it, not aware of being exploited and think you can get wealthy too

Question 18

mass production

Answer 18

objectification is necessary as this is the only production can be quick and efficient. capitalist society requires production of goods for large numbers of people

Question 19

Westergaard

Answer 19

• class differences become stronger in late 20th century
• top 10% increase income
• lowest incomes=almost no rise
• polarisation

Question 20

Scott

Answer 20

• social closure
• old boy network
• intermarriage

Question 21

Neo-Marxism

KEY THINKERS

Answer 21

• Gramsci
• Wright
• Bravermann

Question 22

Gramsci

Answer 22

Hegemony

• Explains why the working class in Western European countries had not risen up in revolution.
• refers to the ruling class get just enough working class people on their to follow their ruling class ideologies to ensure that revolution does not occur - The ruling class rarely need to use force to exert power because they rule through persuasion.

Question 23

Wright

Answer 23

• acknowledges three classes:
  
  • Ruling class
  • middle class
  • working class
• ruling class has full power
• middle class has partial control
• middle class supervisors- minimal control
• working class- no control

Question 24

Bravermann

Answer 24

• some white collar workers have lost the advantages they had over manual employees
• proletarianised
• pay levels are threatened