Unit 3: RNA Structure and Function Flashcards
MCB 181R University of Arizona
What is the primary structure of RNA?
The sequence of nucleotide bases (Adeline, Uracil, Cytosine, & Guanine).
Is RNA single - stranded or double - stranded?
Most RNA is single - stranded.
What is an RNA molecule a polymer of?
RNA Nucleotides.
Name the three components of an RNA nucleotide.
Phosphate group, ribose sugar (With OH on the 2’ carbon), and a nitrogenous base (A,C,U, or G).
What are two key differences between RNA and DNA nucleotides?
- RNA has OH on the 2’ carbon of the sugar (ribose), while DNA has H (deoxyribose).
- RNA uses Uracil (U) as a base, while DNA uses Thymine (T).
What bases can RNA pair with?
If one strand has the sequence ACAGUC, what would the complementary RNA sequence be?
UGUCAG
If a DNA strand has the sequence GCAT, what would the complementary RNA sequence be?
CGUA
Are RNAs more diverse than DNA?
Yes.
Name four roles of RNA in gene expression.
1) mRNA carries information form DNA to translation machinery.
2) tRNA and rRNA are required for translation.
3) Small nuclear RNAs are parts of the mRNA.
4) MicroRNAs regulate transcription and translation of certain genes.
How do some RNA molecules fold into shapes?
When one part of the RNA molecule establishes complementary base pairs with another part of the RNA molecule.
What is transcription?
The process in which RNA is built out of RNA nucleotides.
What does RNA polymerase bind to during transcription?
A RNA molecule that is complementary to a DNA temple strand.
What is the role of rRNA in translation?
It is required for translation.
What is the role of mRNA
Carries information from DNA to translation machinery.
