Unit 2: Ploidy and Intro to Karyotypes Ch.3

Question 1

What is a Karyotype?

Answer 1

A karyotype is an organized picture of individuals’ chromosome.

Question 2

How is a Karyotype created?

Answer 2

It’s created by staining and photographing the chromosomes for a cell when they are condensed for cell division.

Question 3

Describe the process of creating a karyotype.

Answer 3

1) Obtain a cell from an individual.

2) Chemically induce the cell to begin cell division.

3) Stop the cell division in metaphase when chromosomes are condensed.

4) Stain the chromosomes.

5) Take a picture of the chromosomes.

6) Arrange the chromosomes in homologous pairs according to size and banding pattern.

Question 4

Define “Ploidy.”

Answer 4

Ploidy refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell.

Question 5

Define “Haploid.”

Answer 5

Haploid (n) refers to a cell containing one set of chromosomes. Examples: Gametes (sperm and egg cells in human)

Question 6

Define “Diploid.”

Answer 6

Diploid (2n) refers to a cell containing two sets of chromosomes. Examples Most somatic (body) cells in humans.

Question 7

What the difference between condensed and uncondensed chromosomes?

Answer 7

• Uncondensed Chromosomes: Long, thin, and dispersed throughout the nucleus. This how chromosomes appear most of the time.
• Condensed Chromosomes: Tightly packed and visible as distinct structures during cell division.

Question 8

What is the purpose of a Karyotype?

Answer 8

A Karyotype can be used to:

• Diagnose chromosomal abnormalities.
• Determine the sex of an individual.
• Study evolutionary relationships between species.