Unit 3: Process of Translation Flashcards
MCB 181R University of Arizona
What are the two key steps required for translation to build a protein from mRNA?
- Match each 3 - base Condon in the mRNA with amino acid.
- Connect amino acids together with peptide bonds.
Describe the process of elongation during translation.
- At each step, a tRNA matches a codon with its amino acids.
- The ribosome makes a peptides bond between the growing of polypeptide and incoming the incoming amino acid.
Explain the significance of Condon-anticodon pairing in translation.
Codon- anticodon pairing ensures that the correct amino acid is added the polypeptide chain, as the tRNA carrying the specific amino acid matches the mRNA codon.
Identify the components labeled in the diagram:
- Amino acid
- Charged tRNA
- Codon - anticodon pairing
- mRNA (showing 5’ and 3’ ends)
What is the start codon in mRNA, and what Amino acid does it specify?
The start codon is AUG, and it specifies methionine (Met).
What type of bind is formed between amino acids during translation, and what is the enzymes responsible?
A peptide bond is formed. The ribosome acts as the enzyme (Specifically, the rRNA within the ribosome catalyzes the reaction).
What the role of the ribosome in translation?
The ribosomes facilities the binding of tRNA to mRNA codons, catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, and moves along between amino acids, and moves along the mRNA molecule.
What is a codon and what does it specify?
A codon is a three nucleotides sequence in mRNA that species a particular amino acid or signals the start or end of a protein synthesis.
In what direction is mRNA read during translation?
mRNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
What is the role of a tRNA in translation?
tRNAs act as “adapters”, matching mRNA codons with their corresponding Amino acids. They have an anticodon hat base-pairs with the mRNA codon.
What do aminoacyl-tRNA syntheses do?
They are special enzymes that bind the correct Amino acid to the tRNA molecule with the appropriate anticodon.
What is the start codon and its significance?
The start codon is AUG. It’s where the ribosome starts translation the mRNA.
What are the three stages of translation?
Initiation, Elongation and Terminination.
Describes the process of translation initiation.
The small subunit of the ribosome binds to the 5’ end of the mRNA and “scans” until it reaches the AUG start codons.
Describe the process of termination during translation.
There are no tRNA that bind to the Stop codons. A release factor binds to the STOP codon, causing the final amino acid to detach and the ribbon to dissociate.
What happens to the ribosome after termination?
The ribosome is free to translate another mRNA molecule.
