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Cardio Pulm Units > Unit 3: Restrictive Disease > Flashcards

Unit 3: Restrictive Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common problems with Restrictive Lung Disease?

A
  • Dec compliance due to:
    • stifnes of lung, alveolar compression, thoracic changes, limited diaphragmatic displacement
  • Dec lung volumes and capacities
  • Inc WOB (work of breathing)
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2
Q

What are the common signs with Restrictive Lung Disease?

A
  • Dec lung volumes and capacities
  • tachypnea
  • vent/perfus mismathcing
  • dec breath sounds
  • dec diffusing capacity
  • cor pulmonale (right ventricular hypertrophy)
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3
Q

What are the common symptoms with Restrictive Lung Disease?

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Dry, nonproductive cough
  • Wasted, emaciated appearance
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4
Q

What is Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

A
  • Inadequate production of surfactant
  • Abnormal alveolar epithelial and endothelial permiability
  • Pulmonary hypertension
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5
Q

What are the clinical signs & symptoms for Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

A
  • Inc WOB (work of breathing)
  • Breathing is rapid and labored
  • Nasal flaring
  • Dec breath sounds
  • Dec loudness of crying
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6
Q

Who is at risk for Respiratory Distress?

A
  • Gestation < 36 weeks
  • Males > females
  • Whites > blacks
  • Delivers by C-section
  • Birht mother has biabetes
  • Born w/ patent ductus ateriosis
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7
Q

What is the treatment for Respiratory Distress?

A
  • Mechanical ventilation → leads to bronchopulmonary dysplasia
  • Supplemental oxygen
  • COntinuous airway pressure
  • Surfactant replacement
  • Medications (sedation and pain relief)
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8
Q

What is Bronchiolitis Obliterans?

A
  • Result of having something else - being exposed to previous infection
  • Fibrotic lung disease that affects smaller airways
  • Can cause both restrictive and obstructive lung disease
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9
Q

What are the clinical signs of Bronchiolitis Obliterans?

A
  • Dec diffusion capacity
  • Inc RR & HR
  • Dec PaO2
  • Rales or expiratory wheezing
  • Decreased breaths sounds
  • X-rays
    • kids: hyperinflation
    • adults: variable
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10
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of Bronchiolitis Obliterans?

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Inc RR & HR
  • Cyanosis
  • Hacking, Non productive cough
  • kids: chest wall retaction
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11
Q

How do you treat Bronchiolitis Obliterans?

A

Supplemental O2 & hydration

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12
Q

What is the 5th leading cause of death in the US?

A

Pneumonia

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13
Q

What is Pneumonia?

A

Infection in lower respiratory tract through inhalation or aspiration

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14
Q

What are the two types of Pneumonia?

A
  • Community-acquired
  • Hospital-acquired
    • Low respiratory infection begins 72 or more after hospitalization
    • Inc risk: tubes in throat, lung injury, chronic cardiopulm disease, etc.
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15
Q

What are the two different clinical symtpon presentations? How are they different?

A
  • Bacterial - typically pools and isolates in one lobe (PT’s can treat)
    • rapid onset
    • high fever
    • chills
    • tachypnea
    • dyspnea
    • productive cough
    • leukocytosis
    • pleuritic pain
  • Viral - secretions diffused (PT’s dont treat)
    • moderate fever
    • dyspnea
    • tachypnea
    • Nonproductive cough
    • patchy diffuse infiltrates
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16
Q

How do you treat viral and bacterial Pneumonia?

A
  • Bacterial
    • # 1 Hydration!
    • Antibiotics
  • Viral
    • supportive measures
17
Q

What is Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

A
  • Fluid & proteins leave capillaries and enter the interstitial fluid and alveoli → as pressure builds up it can damage alveoli
  • Idiopathic - life threatening
  • Variety of causes
    • trauma
    • shock
    • blood transfusion
    • pneumonia
18
Q

What do you treat Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

A
  • Treat underlying cause
  • Usually put on ventilator
19
Q

What is Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?

A
  • Localize alveoli inflammation → progresses to scarring and fibrosis
  • Alveoli become irregular shape and capillaries damaged
20
Q

What are the clinical signs of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?

A
  • Dyspnea and non productive cough
21
Q

How do you treat Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?

A
  • Corticosteroids
  • Lung transplant
22
Q

What systems cause Restrictive Lung Dysfunction?

A

All of them

You are ALWAYS a pulmonary therapist!

Cardio Pulm Units (13 decks)

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