Unit 3: Restrictive Disease Flashcards
What are the common problems with Restrictive Lung Disease?
- Dec compliance due to:
- stifnes of lung, alveolar compression, thoracic changes, limited diaphragmatic displacement
- Dec lung volumes and capacities
- Inc WOB (work of breathing)
What are the common signs with Restrictive Lung Disease?
- Dec lung volumes and capacities
- tachypnea
- vent/perfus mismathcing
- dec breath sounds
- dec diffusing capacity
- cor pulmonale (right ventricular hypertrophy)
What are the common symptoms with Restrictive Lung Disease?
- Dyspnea
- Dry, nonproductive cough
- Wasted, emaciated appearance
What is Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
- Inadequate production of surfactant
- Abnormal alveolar epithelial and endothelial permiability
- Pulmonary hypertension
What are the clinical signs & symptoms for Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
- Inc WOB (work of breathing)
- Breathing is rapid and labored
- Nasal flaring
- Dec breath sounds
- Dec loudness of crying
Who is at risk for Respiratory Distress?
- Gestation < 36 weeks
- Males > females
- Whites > blacks
- Delivers by C-section
- Birht mother has biabetes
- Born w/ patent ductus ateriosis
What is the treatment for Respiratory Distress?
- Mechanical ventilation → leads to bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Supplemental oxygen
- COntinuous airway pressure
- Surfactant replacement
- Medications (sedation and pain relief)
What is Bronchiolitis Obliterans?
- Result of having something else - being exposed to previous infection
- Fibrotic lung disease that affects smaller airways
- Can cause both restrictive and obstructive lung disease
What are the clinical signs of Bronchiolitis Obliterans?
- Dec diffusion capacity
- Inc RR & HR
- Dec PaO2
- Rales or expiratory wheezing
- Decreased breaths sounds
- X-rays
- kids: hyperinflation
- adults: variable
What are the clinical symptoms of Bronchiolitis Obliterans?
- Dyspnea
- Inc RR & HR
- Cyanosis
- Hacking, Non productive cough
- kids: chest wall retaction
How do you treat Bronchiolitis Obliterans?
Supplemental O2 & hydration
What is the 5th leading cause of death in the US?
Pneumonia
What is Pneumonia?
Infection in lower respiratory tract through inhalation or aspiration
What are the two types of Pneumonia?
- Community-acquired
- Hospital-acquired
- Low respiratory infection begins 72 or more after hospitalization
- Inc risk: tubes in throat, lung injury, chronic cardiopulm disease, etc.
What are the two different clinical symtpon presentations? How are they different?
- Bacterial - typically pools and isolates in one lobe (PT’s can treat)
- rapid onset
- high fever
- chills
- tachypnea
- dyspnea
- productive cough
- leukocytosis
- pleuritic pain
- Viral - secretions diffused (PT’s dont treat)
- moderate fever
- dyspnea
- tachypnea
- Nonproductive cough
- patchy diffuse infiltrates
How do you treat viral and bacterial Pneumonia?
- Bacterial
- # 1 Hydration!
- Antibiotics
- Viral
- supportive measures
What is Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
- Fluid & proteins leave capillaries and enter the interstitial fluid and alveoli → as pressure builds up it can damage alveoli
- Idiopathic - life threatening
- Variety of causes
- trauma
- shock
- blood transfusion
- pneumonia
What do you treat Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
- Treat underlying cause
- Usually put on ventilator
What is Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
- Localize alveoli inflammation → progresses to scarring and fibrosis
- Alveoli become irregular shape and capillaries damaged
What are the clinical signs of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
- Dyspnea and non productive cough
How do you treat Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
- Corticosteroids
- Lung transplant
What systems cause Restrictive Lung Dysfunction?
All of them
You are ALWAYS a pulmonary therapist!
