Unit 3 Reading 17

Question 1

Cellular Respiration

Answer 1

a common pathway for the production of ATP involving transfer of electrons from compounds with high potential energy through an electron transport chain and ultimately to a final electron acceptor

Question 2

Citric acid cycle

Answer 2

eight chemical reactions that start with citrate and ends with oxaloacetate
cycle formed when oxaloacetate reacts with acetyle CoA to form citrate
aka Krebs cycle or TCA cycle

Question 3

Energetic coupling

Answer 3

in cellular metabolism, the mechanism by which energy released from an exergonic reaction (ATP hydrolysis) is used to make an endergonic reaction spontaneous

Question 4

Electron carrier

Answer 4

any molecule that readily accepts electrons from and donates electrons to other molecules (protons may be transferred with the electrons in the form of hydrogen)

Question 5

glucose

Answer 5

a six-carbon monosaccharide that can be oxidized via cellular respiration or fermentation to produce ATP (as a source of carbon to synthesize other molecules)

Question 6

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)

Answer 6

(oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) a non-protein electron carrier that functions in many of the redox rxns of metabolism

Question 7

oxidation

Answer 7

the loss of electrons from an atom/molecule during a redox rxn either by donation of an electron to another atom/molecule or by the shared electrons in covalent bonds moving farther from the atomic nucleus

Question 8

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 8

Production of ATP by ATP synthase using the proton gradient est. via redox rxns of an electron transport chain

Question 9

pyruvate processing

Answer 9

oxidation of pyruvate (converts two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules into two 2-carbon Acetyl Co-A molecules)

Question 10

reduction-oxidation reaction (redox reaction)

Answer 10

any chemical rxn involves either the complete transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another or a reciprocal shift in the position of shared electrons w/i one or more of the covalent bonds of two reactants

Question 11

reduction

Answer 11

gain of electrons by an atom/molecule during redox rxn (either acceptance of an electron grom another atom/molecule or the shared electrons in covalent bonds moving closer to the atomic nucleus)

Question 12

substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 12

production of ATP or GTP by transfer of a phosphate group from an intermediate substrate directly to ADP or GDP (occurs in glycolysis and in the citric acid cycle)