Unit 3 Reading 16

Question 1

Absorption

Answer 1

(in animals) the uptake of ions and small molecules (from food) across the living of the digestive tract

Question 2

Antiporter

Answer 2

Carrier protein that allows an ion to diffuse down an electrochemical gradient (using energy to transport a different substance in the opposite direction)

Question 3

Cotransporter

Answer 3

Transmembrane protein that facilitates diffusion (to transport some other substance in the same or opposite direction)

Question 4

Digestion

Answer 4

Physical and chemical breakdown of food into molecules that can be absorbed into the body of an animal

Question 5

Essential nutrients

Answer 5

Any chemical element, ion, or compound that is required for normal growth, reproduction, and maintenance of living organisms (cannot be synthesized by the organism)

Question 6

Food

Answer 6

Any nutrient-containing material that can be consumed and digested by animals

Question 7

Epithelial Cell

Answer 7

Tissue consisting of sheetlikke layers of tightly packed cells that line an organ, gland, duct, or body surface

Question 8

Ingestion

Answer 8

The act of bringing food into the digestive tract

Question 9

Microvillus

Answer 9

Tiny protrusions from the surface of an epithelial Cell that increases the surface area for absorption of substances

Question 10

Nutrient

Answer 10

Any substance that an organism requires for normal growth, maintenance, or reproduction

Question 11

Small intestine

Answer 11

Portion of digestive tract between stomach and large intestine (final stages of digestion and most nutrient absorption)

Question 12

Sodium-potassium pump

Answer 12

Transmembrane protein that uses ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell (normally against gradient)

Question 13

Symporters

Answer 13

Cotransport protein that allows an ion to diffuse down an electrochemical gradient using that energy to transport a different substance in the same direction against its concentration gradient

Question 14

Villus

Answer 14

Small finger like projections of
-the lining of the small intestine
- of the fetal portion of the placenta

Question 15

Oral rehydration therapy

Answer 15

Fluid replacement to prevent and treat dehydration
(Drinking water with some sugar and salts [sodium and potassium])