Unit 3 Reading 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A

(in animals) the uptake of ions and small molecules (from food) across the living of the digestive tract

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2
Q

Antiporter

A

Carrier protein that allows an ion to diffuse down an electrochemical gradient (using energy to transport a different substance in the opposite direction)

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3
Q

Cotransporter

A

Transmembrane protein that facilitates diffusion (to transport some other substance in the same or opposite direction)

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4
Q

Digestion

A

Physical and chemical breakdown of food into molecules that can be absorbed into the body of an animal

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5
Q

Essential nutrients

A

Any chemical element, ion, or compound that is required for normal growth, reproduction, and maintenance of living organisms (cannot be synthesized by the organism)

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6
Q

Food

A

Any nutrient-containing material that can be consumed and digested by animals

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7
Q

Epithelial Cell

A

Tissue consisting of sheetlikke layers of tightly packed cells that line an organ, gland, duct, or body surface

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8
Q

Ingestion

A

The act of bringing food into the digestive tract

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9
Q

Microvillus

A

Tiny protrusions from the surface of an epithelial Cell that increases the surface area for absorption of substances

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10
Q

Nutrient

A

Any substance that an organism requires for normal growth, maintenance, or reproduction

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11
Q

Small intestine

A

Portion of digestive tract between stomach and large intestine (final stages of digestion and most nutrient absorption)

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12
Q

Sodium-potassium pump

A

Transmembrane protein that uses ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell (normally against gradient)

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13
Q

Symporters

A

Cotransport protein that allows an ion to diffuse down an electrochemical gradient using that energy to transport a different substance in the same direction against its concentration gradient

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14
Q

Villus

A

Small finger like projections of
-the lining of the small intestine
- of the fetal portion of the placenta

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15
Q

Oral rehydration therapy

A

Fluid replacement to prevent and treat dehydration
(Drinking water with some sugar and salts [sodium and potassium])

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