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Honors Chemistry - Sheppard > Unit 3 - Periodic Table > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

Atomic Radius

A

the distance between the center of an atom’s nucleus and the outside edges of its outermost energy level.

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2
Q

Ionic Radius

A

the distance between the center of an ion’s nucleus and the outside edges of its outermost energy level.

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3
Q

Ionization Energy

A

the amount of energy needed to remove the outermost electron of an atom.

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4
Q

Electron Affinity

A

the amount of energy released when an electron is added to an atom.

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5
Q

Electronegativity

A

a measure of how attractive an atom is to a free electron.

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6
Q

What is the term for rows of a Periodic Table?

A

Period

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7
Q

What is the term for columns of a Periodic Table?

A

Group or family

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8
Q

What is the trend for atomic radius?

A

Increases to the left and down

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9
Q

What is the trend for ionic radius?

A

Increases to the left and down; remember that trend is interrupted when sign of ion changes but then reestablishes itself.

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10
Q

What group is not included in the ionic radius trend?

A

Noble gases because they do not form ions

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11
Q

What is the trend for ionization energy?

A

Increases to the right and up

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12
Q

What is the trend for electron affinity?

A

Increases to the right and up

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13
Q

What is the trend for electronegativity?

A

Increases to the right and up

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14
Q

What group does not participate in the electronegativity trend?

A

Noble gases. They are considered to have an electronegativity value of 0.

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15
Q

Soft; Highly reactive, especially with water

A

Alkali metals

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16
Q

Soft; Fairly reactive with water

A

Alkaline earth metals

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17
Q

Shiny; Highly conductive of heat and electricity; Most hard and solid

A

Metals

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18
Q

Properties are a combination of metallic and nonmetallic properties

A

Metalloids

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19
Q

Mostly gases; poor conductors of heat and electricity

A

Nonmetals

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20
Q

All but two are gases; highly reactive; when found in nature, bound in pairs

A

Halogens

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21
Q

All are gases; do not react except under very special circumstances

A

Noble gases

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22
Q

Lose electrons when forming ions

A

Metals

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23
Q

Gain electrons when forming ions

A

Nonmetals

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24
Q

Forms positive ions

A

Metals

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25
Q

Forms negative ions

A

Nonmetals

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26
Q

Sign of charge when gaining electrons

A

Negative

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27
Q

Sign of charge when losing electrons

A

Positive

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28
Q

What happens to the size of an atom when it loses electrons?

A

The ion is smaller because of the decrease in total repulsive force between the electrons, which are then able to draw in closer to the nucleus, reducing the overall size.

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29
Q

What happens to the size of an atom when it gains electrons?

A

It becomes a bigger ion. Adding an electron increases the overall repulsion between the electrons, which forces them to move farther apart and thus farther from the nucleus, increasing the overall size.

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30
Q

Group 1 has _____ valence electron

A

1

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31
Q

Group 2 has ______ valence electrons

A

2

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32
Q

Group 13 has _______ valence electrons

A

3

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33
Q

Group 14 has ________ valence electrons

A

4

34
Q

Group 15 has ______ valence electrons

A

5

35
Q

Group 16 has _______ valence electrons

A

6

36
Q

Group 17 has _________ valence electrons

A

7

37
Q

Group 18 has _________ valence electrons.

A

8

38
Q

The metals are to the ___________ of the stair-step line.

A

left

39
Q

The nonmetals are to the _________ of the stair-step line.

A

right

40
Q

What elements are touching (have a side on) the stair-step line?

A

Metalloids

41
Q

What is the one element that is touching the stair-step line that is a metal rather than a metalloid?

A

Aluminum (Al)

42
Q

What is the one nonmetal to the left of the stair-step line?

A

Hydrogen (H)

43
Q

What is the name of Group 1?

A

Alkali metals

44
Q

What is the name of Group 2?

A

Alkaline earth metals

45
Q

What is the name of Group 14?

A

Carbon family

46
Q

What is the name of Group 15?

A

Nitrogen family

47
Q

What is the name of 16?

A

Oxygen family/Chalcogens

48
Q

What is the name of group 17?

A

Halogens

49
Q

What is the name of group 18?

A

Noble gases

50
Q

What is the name of groups 3-12?

A

Transition metals

51
Q

What is the name of Groups 1, 2, 13-18?

A

Main group elements

52
Q

What is the name of the two rows underneath the main periodic table?

A

Inner transition elements

53
Q

What is the name of the top period of the inner transition metals?

A

Lanthanides

54
Q

What is the name of the bottom period of the inner transition metals?

A

Actinides

55
Q

What element’s existence did Mendeleev predict, and why was he able to do this?

A

Germanium, because he observed the periodicity of elements when arranged in order of increasing atomic mass. This allowed him to deduce the existence of missing elements.

56
Q

What is the modern periodic table organized by?

A

atomic number (number of protons)

57
Q

First person to organize elements; made triads of three similar elements

A

Johann Dobereiner

58
Q

Organized elements by atomic mass; showed that properties repeat every 7 elements, which called the Law of Octaves

A

John Newlands

59
Q

Organized elements by atomic mass and predicted existence and properties of unknown elements based on gaps in the table; known as the Father of the Periodic Table

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

60
Q

Reorganized elements by atomic number rather than atomic mass

A

Henry Moseley

61
Q

Trend for reactivity among metals

A

Increase as you down left and down

62
Q

Trend for reactivity among nonmetals

A

Increase as you go up and to the right (does not count nonmetals)

63
Q

Explain the atomic radius trend.

A

Atomic radius increases as you go down a group because each new period represents a new energy level being added on. It decreases as you go to the right because of increasing attraction between growing numbers of protons and electrons over the same distance.

64
Q

Explain the ionic radius trend.

A

Ionic radius increases as you go down a group because each new period represents a new energy level being added on. It decreases as you go to the right because of increasing attraction between growing numbers of protons and electrons over the same distance. However, as you go to the right, at the point where you reach the first negative ion, it is bigger than the previous one because it is negative. The pattern reestablishes itself after that as each one is smaller than the previous one.

65
Q

Largest atomic radius

A

Francium

66
Q

Smallest atomic radius

A

Helium

67
Q

Largest metal ion

A

Francium

68
Q

Smallest metal ion

A

Beryllium

69
Q

Largest nonmetal ion

A

Iodine

70
Q

Smallest nonmetal ion

A

Fluorine

71
Q

Explain the trend for ionization energy

A

As you go down a group, the farthest electrons are farther away from the nucleus, making them easier to remove, and giving the atom a lower ionization energy. As you go right, there is an increasing number of protons and electrons over the same distance, so attraction increases, and ionization energy increases.

72
Q

Does higher or lower ionization energy represent easier to remove?

A

Lower

73
Q

Largest ionization energy

A

Helium

74
Q

Smallest ionization energy

A

Francium

75
Q

Explain the trend for electron affinity.

A

It decreases as you go down a group because the electrons are being added to a farther energy level where they are less attracted to the nucleus. It increases as you go right because the atoms are getting closer and closer to a full outer shell.

76
Q

Which group has an electron affinity of zero?

A

Noble gases

77
Q

Greatest electron affinity

A

Fluorine

78
Q

Lowest electron affinity

A

Francium

79
Q

Explain the trend for electronegativity.

A

It increases as you go right because the atoms are getting closer and closer to a full shell. It decreases as you go down, because the electron would be added to a farther energy level.

80
Q

Element with highest electronegativity

A

Fluorine

81
Q

Element with lowest electronegativity

A

Francium

82
Q

Which group does not have an electronegativity value?

A

Noble gases

Honors Chemistry - Sheppard (8 decks)

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