Unit 1 - Introduction and Scientific Processes

Question 1

Independent Variable

Answer 1

The variable that you are manipulating in your experiment to see if change in it will cause change in other variables, which you will measure. For example, if you are studying the effect of listening to music while studying these flashcards on your ability to remember them, the independent variable would be the style of music listened to during studying.

Question 2

Dependent Variable

Answer 2

The variable that you measure to see if the independent variable creates a change. For example, if you are studying the effect of listening to music while studying these flashcards on your ability to remember them, the dependent variable would be the results of a test given over these flashcards.

Question 3

Control

Answer 3

A standard of comparison for checking or verifying the results of an experiment. For example, if you are studying the effect of listening to music while studying these flashcards on your ability to remember them, the control would be not listening to music while studying.

Question 4

Which variable is traditionally located on the x axis on a graph?

Answer 4

The independent variable

Question 5

Hypothesis

Answer 5

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

Question 6

Causation

Answer 6

the action of causing something

Question 7

Correlation

Answer 7

a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things.

Question 8

Extrapolate

Answer 8

extending the graph, along the same slope, above or below measured data.

Question 9

Interpolate

Answer 9

predicting data between two measured points on the graph

Question 10

What is a pie or circle graph best used for?

Answer 10

to show parts of a whole

Question 11

What is a bar graph best used for?

Answer 11

to compare amounts

Question 12

What is a line graph best used for?

Answer 12

to show the change of one piece of information as it relates to another change

Question 13

Theory

Answer 13

an explanation or model that covers a substantial group of occurrences in nature and has been confirmed by a substantial number of experiments and observations. A theory is more general and better verified than a hypothesis.

Question 14

Mass

Answer 14

A measure of how much matter is in an object.

Question 15

Matter

Answer 15

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 16

Density

Answer 16

a measure of how much mass is contained in a given unit of volume

Question 17

Density formula

Answer 17

D = M/V Density = Mass/Volume (typically mass is grams and volume is mL or cm³)

Question 18

Significant Figures Rules

Answer 18

1) All non-zero numbers are significant.
2) Zero’s between non-zero numbers are significant.
3) Leading zero’s are not significant.
4) Ending zero’s are not significant unless there is a decimal point.
5) Any zero with a bar over it counts as a non-zero number.
6) All numbers in the body of a scientific notation number are significant.
7) Counting numbers and constants are considered to have infinite significant figures.

Question 19

Addition/Subtraction Significant Figures Rule

Answer 19

The answer of an addition or subtraction calculation is significant to the place of the least significant original number. (115 + 30 = 145, which rounds to 150, because 30 is only significant to the tens place, so the answer can also only be significant to the tens place.)

Question 20

Multiplication/Division Significant Figures Rule

Answer 20

When multiplying or dividing numbers, the answer can only have the same number of significant figures as the original number with least number of significant figures. (12 * 8 = 96, which will round to 100, since 8 only has one significant figure. Therefore the answer can only have one significant figure.)

Question 21

Precision

Answer 21

Getting very close to the same answer consistently

Question 22

Accuracy

Answer 22

Getting the correct answer

Question 23

Percent Error Formula

Answer 23

Question 24

What does SDS stand for?

Answer 24

Safety Data Sheet

Question 25

In the NFPA diamond system, what does red stand for?

Answer 25

Fire hazard

Question 26

In the NFPA diamond system, what does blue stand for?

Answer 26

health hazards

Question 27

In the NFPA diamond system, what does yellow stand for?

Answer 27

Reactivity or instability hazards

Question 28

In the NFPA diamond system, what does white stand for?

Answer 28

Space to indicate specific hazards

Question 29

In the NFPA diamond system, which number represents the highest hazard? Which number represents the lowest hazard?

Answer 29

0-4

0 is lowest hazard

4 is highest hazard

Question 30

Answer 30

Explosive

Question 31

Answer 31

Flammable

Question 32

Answer 32

oxidizing

Question 33

Answer 33

Compressed Gas

Question 34

Answer 34

Corrosive

Question 35

Answer 35

Toxic

Question 36

Answer 36

Irritant

Question 37

Answer 37

Health Hazard

Question 38

Answer 38

Environmentally Dangerous