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Neuroanatomy > Unit 3: Parasympathetic NS vs. Sympathetic NS > Flashcards

Unit 3: Parasympathetic NS vs. Sympathetic NS Flashcards

1
Q

How does the parasympathetic NS maintain homeostasis?

A

Maintains homeostasis at rest, stores nutrients, and is energy conserving

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2
Q

How does the sympathetic NS maintain homeostasis?

A

Maintains homeostasis in case of emergency - exercise, stress, excitement

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3
Q

Parasympathetic effect on heart

A

Decrease heart rate

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4
Q

Parasympathetic effect on blood pressure.

A

Decrease blood pressure

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5
Q

Parasympathetic effect on pupils.

A

Constrict pupils

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6
Q

Parasympathetic effect on salivary glands.

A

Stimulation of increased saliva production

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7
Q

Parasympathetic effect on digestive system organs.

A

All organs are stimulated.

Increased gastric juice production
Increased peristalsis for better digestion and absorption of nutrients

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8
Q

Parasympathetic effect on bronchioles.

A

Bronchoconstriction; less air enters lungs, so less oxygen is delivered

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9
Q

Parasympathetic effect on blood vessels.

A

NONE! (with few exceptions)

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10
Q

Parasympathetic effect on sweat glands.

A

NONE!

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11
Q

Sympathetic effect on heart.

A

Increases heart rate

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12
Q

Sympathetic effect on blood pressure.

A

Increases blood pressure

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13
Q

Sympathetic effect on pupils.

A

Dilates pupils

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14
Q

Sympathetic effect on salivary glands.

A

Inhibits saliva production

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15
Q

Sympathetic effect on digestive system organs.

A

Inhibitory effect - decreased ability to digest and absorb

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16
Q

Sympathetic effect on bronchioles.

A

Bronchodilation - more air enters lung, more oxygen delivered to the body

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17
Q

Sympathetic effect on blood vessels.

A

Vasodilation - of heart and skeletal muscles

Other organs (skin, digestive organs) will see vasoconstriction, with decreased blood flow to those organs

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18
Q

Sympathetic effect on sweat glands.

A

Stimulates an increase in sweat secretion

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19
Q

What is the parasympathetic division also called?

A

Craniosacral division

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20
Q

Craniosacral division consists of what nerves?

A

Nuclei of CNs III, VII, VIII, IX

S2-S4

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21
Q

Where are ganglia located in parasympathetic divison?

A

Close to target organ, within the wall of target organ

22
Q

What is the size of the parasympathetic preganglionic axon?

A

Long

23
Q

Are there any collateral branches on the parasympathetic preganglionic axon?

A

Few

24
Q

What is the size of the postganglionic axon in parasympathetic division?

A

Short

25
Q

Is there neural divergence on parasympathetic axons?

A

Limited

26
Q

Is the effect of the parasympathetic division local or systemic?

A

Local

27
Q

What is the outflow to the target organs in parasympathetic division?

A

Outflow achieved via cranial nerves

28
Q

What neurotransmitter is released by the postganglionic neruon of the parasympathetic division?

A

Primarily acetylcholine

29
Q

What is the sympathetic division also called?

A

Thoracolumbar division

30
Q

Thoracolumbar division consists of what nerves?

A

Preganglionic neuron found in lateral horn of T1-L2

31
Q

Where are ganglia located in the sympathetic division?

A

Close to spinal cord, distant from target organ

Sympathetic chain ganglia - bilateral
Prevertebral ganglia - superior mesenteric, celiac, and inferior mesenteric ganglia

32
Q

What is the size of the sympathetic preganglionic axon?

A

Short

33
Q

Are there any collateral branches on the sympathetic preganglionic axon?

A

Branched axon

34
Q

What is the size of the postganglionic axon in sympathetic division?

A

Long

35
Q

Is there neural divergence on sympathetic axons?

A

Yes, extensive

36
Q

Is the effect of the sympathetic division local or systemic?

A

Systemic bc it effects all organs simultaneously

This is due to neuronal divergence and presence of adrenal gland (which can effect other organs)

37
Q

What is the outflow to the target organs in sympathetic division?

A

Outflow to target organs via:

  1. Spinal nerves (sweat glands, erector pili m., subcutaneous vessels)
  2. Sympathetic nerves (organs of thoracic cavity)
  3. Splanchnic nerves (abdominal organs)
  4. Adrenal medulla (systemic effect due to secretion of NT in to the blood stream)
38
Q

What neurotransmitter is released by the postganglionic neuron of the sympathetic division?

A

Norepinephrine and acetylcholine

Also epinephrine from adrenal medulla

39
Q

What are the two main receptors of the ANS?

A

Cholinergic receptors

Adrenergic receptors

40
Q

There are two types of receptors are are cholinergic. What are they?

A

Nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors

41
Q

Where in our bodies do we find nicotinic receptors?

A

Skeletal muscles

Ganglionic cells

42
Q

Where in our bodies do we find muscarinic receptors?

A

All target membranes in the parasympathetic division

43
Q

What NT do all cholinergic receptors receive?

A

Acetylcholine

44
Q

There are many types of receptors that are adrenergic. List them all.

A 
alpha 1 
alpha 2 
Beta 1 
Beta 2
Beta 3
45
Q

Which division of the ANS would we find adrenergic receptors?

A

Sympathetic NS

46
Q

Alpha 1 receptors stimulate…

A

Vasoconstriction

47
Q

Alpha 2 receptors stimulate…

A

Inhibition of insulin production

48
Q

Where are Beta 1 receptors found?

A

On the heart (SA and AV nodes)
On kidney (to increase Renin production)
- Excitatory

49
Q

Where are Beta 2 receptors found?

A

On smooth m. of bronchiole and GIT

- relaxes the muscles (inhibitory)

50
Q

Where are Beta 3 receptors found?

A

Adipose tissue (leads to lipolysis)

51
Q

How is NT activity terminated with cholinergic receptors?

A

Ach is broken down/degraded by acetylcholinesterase

52
Q

How is NT activity terminated with adrenergic receptors?

A

Norepinephrine from postganglionic neurons is taken back up into nerve terminals (reputake)

Epinephrine goes through metabolic transformation in the liver

Neuroanatomy (11 decks)

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