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Neuroanatomy > Scalp, Meninges, Dural Sinuses > Flashcards

Scalp, Meninges, Dural Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

Name the layers if the scalp. (superficial to deep)

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Epicranial aponeurosis
Loose areolar CT (subaponeurotic space)
Pericranium (periosteum)
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2
Q

What layer of the scalp act as one (superficial) unit?

A

Skin
Connective tissue
Epicranial aponeurosis

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3
Q

What is the significance of the single, superficial unit of the scalp?

A

It can move along the loose areolar tissue that is adhered to the pericranium

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4
Q

What is referred to as the “roof” of the cranial vault?

A

Calvaria

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5
Q

Along what landmarks does the scalp extend?

A

Extends from external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines TO the supraorbital margins

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6
Q

What layer of the scalp is considered the “danger zone” and why?

A

Loose areolar CT

Infections, blood, and other stuff can quickly pass through this zone and pass into the cranial cavity

Easy passage due to VALVELESS emissary veins

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7
Q

The dura mater has its own layers. What are they?

A

Periosteal layer

Meningeal layer

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8
Q

What nerves innervate the dura mater?

A

CN V (all divisions)
CN IX
CN XII

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9
Q

Where can we find the falx cerebri?

A

Along the longitudinal fissure between both cerebral hemispheres

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10
Q

What important dural sinuses are associated with flax cerebri?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

Inferior sagittal sinus

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11
Q

Where can we find the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Between the occipital lobe of the cerebrum and cerebellum

Its basically the separation of forebrain from hindbrain

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12
Q

What is the tentorial notch?

A

The opening in the tentorium cerebelli for the brainstem (specifically midbrain)

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13
Q

What are arachnoid granulations?

A

Small protrusions of the arachnoid mater through the dura mater

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14
Q

Where will we find the largest arachnoid granulations?

A

Superior sagittal sinus; present in all others too, just not as big

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15
Q

Where is the epidural space in the skull?

A

It is a potential space between bone and PERIOSTEAL layer of dura mater

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16
Q

In an epidural hemorrhage, what vessel would be the cause of the bleed?

A

Middle meningeal aa. branches

17
Q

How does an epidural hematoma appear on CT?

A

Lens-shaped biconvex

18
Q

How does a subdural hematoma appear on CT?

A

Crescent shaped

19
Q

Where will the blood accumulate in a subdural hematoma?

A

Between the dura mater and arachnoid mater; which is also a POTENTIAL space

20
Q

Where will the blood accumulate in a subarachnoid hematoma?

A

In the subarachnoid space, between arachnoid mater and pia mater AMONG those arachnoid trabeculae

This is an ACTUAL space

21
Q

What are the contents of the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF, arteries, veins near surface of brain, and intracranial portions of CNs

22
Q

What is the common cause of a subarachnoid hematoma/hemorrhage?

A

Ruptured aneurysm

23
Q

How does a subdural hematoma appear on CT?

A

Blood will be seen tracking down into sulci following contour of the pia (bc pia is like the “floor” of subarachnoid space

24
Q

What are the major dural sinuses?

A 
Superior sagittal, 
Inferior sagittal
Straight
Transverse
Sigmoid
Cavernous
Superior petrosal sinuses
25
Q

How do dural sinuses form?

A

Via separation of periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater

26
Q

What is the significance of dural sinuses?

A

They allow drainage of blood from the veins of the brain to the internal jugular vein

Majority of sinuses drain to internal jugular vein

27
Q

True or False:

Dural sinuses have valves to move blood from the brain.

A

False; dural sinuses are valveless

28
Q

What is the name of the region where 5 sinuses meet?

A

The confluence of sinuses

29
Q

What 5 dural sinuses meet at the confluence of sinuses?

A
  1. Superior sagittal
  2. Straight sinus
  3. Transverse sinus (bilaterally)
  4. Occipital sinus
30
Q

Describe the flow of of the venous return in the dural sinuses.

A

draw it out

31
Q

What structures traverse the cavernous sinus?

A

Internal Carotid a. and CN VI

32
Q

What structures run in the lateral walls of the cavernous sinus?

A

CN III, IV, V (opthalmic)

33
Q

What structure runs deep to the dura in the cavernous sinus area?

A

CN V (maxillary branch)

34
Q

Overall, what structures can me damaged if there is a cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

ICA

CN III, IV, V(opthalmic & maxillary), VI

35
Q

What is the significance of the superior petrosal sinus in venous return?

A

It receives cerebellar veins and inferior cerebral veins and veins from tympanic cavity

36
Q

True or False:

Cavernous sinuses communicate with one another.

A

True

37
Q

What are emissary veins?

A

Small veins connecting the dural venous sinuses with the veins of the scalp

38
Q

The superior sagittal sinus receives blood from what veins?

A

Superior cerebral veins

Neuroanatomy (11 decks)

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