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Neuroanatomy > Spinal cord, spinal nerve, plexuses > Flashcards

Spinal cord, spinal nerve, plexuses Flashcards

1
Q

List the ligaments within the vertebral column from anterior to posterior.

A
  1. Anterior longitudinal ligament
  2. Posterior longitudinal ligament
  3. Ligamentum flavum
  4. Interspinous ligament
  5. Supraspinous ligament
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2
Q

Where do we find intervertebral disks in the vertebral column?

A

C2 - C3 and L5 - S1

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3
Q

What structures make up the intervertebral disk?

A
  1. Annulus fibrosis

2. Nucleus pulposis

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4
Q

Dorsal roots carry what kind of nerve fibers?

A

Afferent (sensory) fibers

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5
Q

Ventral roots carry what kind of nerve fibers?

A

Efferent (motor) fibers

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6
Q

Lumbar plexus consists of what nerves?

A

Femoral n.

Obturator n.

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7
Q

Sacral plexus exits from what vertebrae?

A

L4 - S4

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8
Q

List the nerves that come from the sciatic plexus.

A
  • Sciatic n. (common fibular and tibial)
  • Superior gluteal n.
  • Inferior gluteal n.
  • Posterior femoral cutaneous n.
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9
Q

What is the outermost covering of the spinal cord?

A

Dura mater

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10
Q

What structure is a continuation of dura mater to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx?

A

Filum terminale externum or the coccygeal ligament

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11
Q

Dura mater forms what structure as it travels along the dorsal and ventral nerve roots through the intervertebral foramina?

A

dural root sleeves

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12
Q

Where does the dural sac end?

A

S2

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13
Q

What type of tissue is arachnoid mater made of?

A

Fibrous and elastic fibers

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14
Q

What structures are enclosed by arachnoid mater in the subarachnoid space?

A

Spinal cord
Spinal nerve roots
Spinal ganglia
CSF

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15
Q

True or False:

Arachnoid space is pierced in a lumbar puncture.

A

True

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16
Q

True or False:

Subdural space exists between dura mater and arachnoid mater.

A

False; it is only a potential space

17
Q

What structures does pia mater cover in the spinal cord?

A

CLOSELY follows entire spinal cord

DIRECTLY covers spinal nerve roots and spinal vessels

18
Q

Filum terminale (internus) is an extension of what membrane?

A

Pia mater

19
Q

What are denticulate ligaments?

A

Specializations of pia mater

Ligaments that form a longitudinal shelf separating dorsal and ventral root flats

20
Q

How many pairs of denticulations are there?

A

21 pairs

21
Q

What is the function of denticulate ligaments?

A

To suspend the spinal cord in the subarachnoid space

22
Q

What level of the vertebral column is the conus medullaris located at?

A

L2

23
Q

What structure anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx?

A

Filum terminale

24
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

Collection of nerve roots coming from the end of the spinal cord, located within the lumbar cistern

25
Q

What is the lumbar cistern?

A

Subarachnoid space filled up with CSF distal to the conus medullaris

26
Q

Where does the lumber cistern terminate?

A

S2

extends from L2 to S2

27
Q

Where would a lumbar puncture be performed?

A

Above or below L4 in the region of the cauda equina

28
Q

Ventral rootlets contain what type of axons?

A
  1. Somatic lower motor neuron

2. Preganglionic sympathetic axon

29
Q

Dorsal rootets contain what type of axons?

A

Afferent neurons

30
Q

What is located in the dorsal root ganglion?

A

Peudounipolar cell bodies

31
Q

Spinal nerves are mixed nerves that contain what functional components?

A
  1. GSE
  2. GVE
  3. GSA
  4. GVA
32
Q

What nerve fibers do ventral roots carry?

A

Motor fibers (somatic and visceral)

33
Q

What nerve fibers do dorsal roots carry?

A

Sensory fibers

34
Q

Where is the location of the dorsal root ganglion?

A

In the intervertebral foramen on the dorsal root

35
Q

What functional component has fibers that transmit motor impulses from spinal cord to skeletal muscles?

A

GSE

36
Q

What functional component has fibers that transmit motor impulses from spinal cord to smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands?

A

GVE

37
Q

What functional component has fibers that transmit exteroceptive and proprioceptive impulses from body to spinal cord?

A

GSA

38
Q

What functional component has fibers that transmit introceptive impulses from the viscera to spinal cord?

A

GVA

39
Q

What is the significance of the attachment of the posterior longitudinal ligament to the discs?

A

Although this ligament helps reinforce the posterior aspect of the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc, it thins laterally. Therefore, herniations are likely occur in the posterolateral direction

Neuroanatomy (11 decks)

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