Unit 3 : Movement In and Out

Question 1

Define Diffusion

Answer 1

net movement of particles down the concentration gradient (high → low) as a result of their random movement

Question 2

Where does the energy for diffusion come from?

Answer 2

energy for diffusion comes from the kinetic energy of the random movement of molecules and ions.

Question 3

4 Factors that influence Diffusion

Answer 3

concentration gradient, temperature, surface area to volume ratio, distance

Question 4

Define Osmosis

Answer 4

net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (dilute solution) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated solution) through a partially permeable membrane

Question 5

Define Concentration

Answer 5

concentration is the measurement of the amount of solute that has been dissolved in a solution. dilute solutions have a little amount of dissolved solute in solvent.

Question 6

Define Water Potential

Answer 6

water potential is a measurement of how freely water molecules can move. pure water has the highest water potential since all molecules move freely. when solutes are dissolved in water, bonds will form between the solute particles and some of the water molecules meaning that fewer molecules can move freely. so solutions have a lower water potential

Question 7

Define a Hypertonic / Flaccid Solution

Answer 7

solution has lower water potential than the water potential of the cell

Question 8

Define Hypotonic / Turgid Solution

Answer 8

solution has higher water potential then the water potential of the cell

Question 9

Define Isotonic Solution

Answer 9

solution has balanced water potential with concentration in cell

Question 10

What happens to Animal cells in Hypertonic, Isotonic and Hypotonic solutions

Answer 10

hypertonic: becomes crenated/ shriveled
isotonic: no change
hypotonic: become hemolysis/ swollen

Question 11

What happens to Plant cells in Hypertonic, Isotonic and Hypotonic Solutions

Answer 11

Hypertonic: become plasmolyzed
Isotonic: becomes flaccid
Hypotonic: becomes turgid

Question 12

Define Active Transport

Answer 12

movement of particles through a cell membrane from a lower concentration region to a higher concentration region (i.e., against a concentration gradient), using energy from respiration.

Question 13

What are Carrier proteins?

Answer 13

carrier proteins connect one side of the membrane to the other and they can pick up substances that the cell requires and pass them through the membrane. the proteins change their shape to achieve this.