Unit 1 : Characteristics and Classification of Living Organisms

Question 1

Define Movement

Answer 1

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

Question 2

Define Respiration

Answer 2

the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

Question 3

Define Sensitivity

Answer 3

the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment

Question 4

Define Growth

Answer 4

a permanent increase in size and dry mass

Question 5

Define Reproduction

Answer 5

the processes that make more of the same kind of organism

Question 6

Define Excretion

Answer 6

the removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements

Question 7

Define Nutrition

Answer 7

the taking in of materials for energy, growth, and development

Question 8

Define Species

Answer 8

a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 9

What is the Sequence of Classification

Answer 9

kingdom → phylum → classes → orders → families → genus → species

Question 10

Features of Animals

Answer 10

multicellular ingestive heterotrophs (eat living organisms)

Question 11

Features of Plants

Answer 11

multicellular photosynthetic autotrophic (make their food) organism with a cellulose cell wall and chloroplasts

Question 12

Features of Fungi

Answer 12

single-celled or multicellular heterotrophic and saprotrophic organisms with cell walls not made of cellulose, spread by spreading spores in moist/dark/warm environments. most have hyphae and mycelium in structure

Question 13

Features of Prokaryotes

Answer 13

single-celled organisms with no true nucleus or DNA in the cytoplasm. many also have plasmids

Question 14

Features of Protists/Protoctists

Answer 14

single-celled organism with a nucleus. eukaryotes. some are multicellular

Question 15

Features of Mammals (Vertebrates)

Answer 15

fur on the skin, external ears (pinna), internal fertilisation, mammary glands

Question 16

Features of Reptiles

Answer 16

thick, dry, scaly skin, usually four legs, internal fertilisation, soft shelled eggs

Question 17

Features of Fish

Answer 17

wet scales, streamlined body shape, external fertilisation, and soft eggs

Question 18

Features of Amphibians

Answer 18

smooth, moist skin, external fertilisation, and soft eggs, gills, & lungs can live on land and water. most have four legs.

Question 19

Features of Birds

Answer 19

feathers on the body and scales on legs, constant internal body temperature, hard eggs, internal fertilisation, birth through eggs

Question 20

3 Standard Features of Arthropods

Answer 20

exoskeleton, jointed legs, segmented body

Question 21

Features of Crustaceans

Answer 21

four or more pairs of legs (10-14 legs), two body segments (cephalothorax, abdomen), two pairs of antennae, pair of compound eyes

Question 22

Features of Arachnids

Answer 22

four pairs of legs (8 legs), two body segments (cephalothorax, abdomen), no antenna, multiple pairs of simple eyes

Question 23

Features of Myriapods

Answer 23

10+ pairs of legs (1 or 2 on each segment), many body segments, one pair of antennae, simple eyes

Question 24

Features of Insects

Answer 24

3 pairs of legs (6 legs), 3 body segments (head, thorax, abdomen), one pair of antennae, one pair of large compound eyes, 1 or 2 pairs of wings

Question 25

3 Features of Ferns

Answer 25

1. do not produce flowers/seeds
2. they are plants with roots, stems and feathery leaves (fronds)
3. reproduce by spores

Question 26

3 Features of Flowering plants

Answer 26

1. they are plants with roots, stems and leaves
2. reproduce sexually through flowers and seeds
3. seeds are produced inside the ovary in the flower

Question 27

6 Features of Monocotyledons

Answer 27

1. one cotyledon / one seed leaf
2. parallel veins
3. long, narrow leaf
4. petals in multiples of 3
5. scattered vascular bundles
6. fibrous roots

Question 28

6 Features of Dicotyledons

Answer 28

1. two cotyledons / two seed leafs
2. branching veins
3. broad leaves
4. petals in multiples of 4/5
5. ringed vascular bundles
6. tap roots

Question 29

3 Features of Viruses

Answer 29

1. not considered living, can’t be in a classification system
2. don’t carry out 7 life processes, instead take over a host cell’s metabolic pathway to make multiple copies of themselves
3. virus structures only contain a genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protein coat.