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Exercise Science 276 > Unit 3 Metabolism Part 2 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Metabolism Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

where does the body store ATP

A

tissue

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2
Q

where doe the body store carbohydrate

A

muscle glycogen - 4th most
serum glucose
liver glycogen

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3
Q

where does the body store fat

A

ADIPOSE tissue - MOST ENERGY STORED HERE
muscle triglycerides - 3rd most
serum triglycerides

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4
Q

where does the body store protein

A

muscles - 2nd most

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5
Q

where are lipids stored

A

triglycerides

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6
Q

what are the types of lipids

A

triglycerides
phospholipids
fatty acids
steroids
fat soluble vitamins
lipoproteins

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7
Q

triglycerides

A

glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids

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8
Q

phospholipids form

A

plasma membranes

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9
Q

lipoproteins

A

transport lipids through blood plasma

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10
Q

what are common lipid properties

A

nonpolar
hydrophobic

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11
Q

where are lipoproteins produces

A

intestine and liver

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12
Q

what is the job of lipoproteins

A

combine with lipids and transport them so that they can pass through the plasma membrane that is made up of 90% water

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13
Q

What are the good task lipoproteins

A
  • chylomicrons and HDLs
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14
Q

what are the bad task lipoproteins

A
  • VLDLs and LDLs
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15
Q

chylomicrons

A
  • transport dietary lipids to adipose tissue
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16
Q

High density lipoproteins (HDLs)

A

remove excess cholesterol from cells and transport to liver for elimination - want HDLs high so that total cholesterol can be lowered faster

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17
Q

very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs)

A

transport triglycerides from hepatocytes in the liver to adipocytes in fat
- anaerobic and want low/bad for heart

18
Q

low density lipoproteins (LDLs)

A

carry out 75% of bloods cholesterol and delivers it to cells
- AEROBIC- want to be low

19
Q

What do HDLs help solve

A

the problems that LDLs bring

20
Q

how do we produce ATP from lipids

A

OXIDATION only with oxygen present

21
Q

if the body does not need lipids where are they stored

A

adipose tissue

22
Q

Lipid CATABOLISM

A

AKA LIPOLYSIS
- the splitting of triglycerides into a glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids

23
Q

what stimulates lipolysis

A

stress hormones- epeine, norepi, and cortisol

24
Q

what is step 1 of lipolysis

A

Triglyceride hydrolysis
- triglyceride spilt into 3 fatty acids and glycerol

25
Q

what is the resulting glycerol from lipolysis used for?

A

gluconeogenesis to make glucose

26
Q

what are the resulting fatty acids used for after lipolysis

A

the fatty acids lose 2 carbons at a time and those carbons go though beta oxidation

27
Q

what is step 2 of lipolysis

A

beta oxidation

28
Q

beta oxidation

A

two carbons from the fatty acids from triglyceride hydrolysis attach to a co enzyme A to form Acetyl CoA– this is then used to power the Krebs Cycle

29
Q

What does the krebs cycle produce

A
  • ATP
  • NADH + H+
  • FADH2
30
Q

Lipid Anabolism

A

aka lipogenesis
- synthesis of lipids from glucose or amino acids

31
Q

what stimulate lipogenesis

A

INSULIN
- takes sugar out the blood stream and delivers it to cells to decrease blood pressure

32
Q

In what real world scenario would lipogenesis occur?

A

when people take in more calories than needed

33
Q

Characteristics of lipid metabolism

A
  • slow
  • high ATP yield
  • oxygen dependent
34
Q

Regulation of lipid metabolism

A

high amounts of Acetyl CoA or NADH + H+ INHIBITS/DECREASES the rate of BETA OXIDATION

35
Q

Ketone bodies

A

alternate source of energy
- result of lipolysis

36
Q

When there is too much acetyl coa produced, where is it stored

A

ketone bodies

37
Q

How does acetyl coa convert inorder to give ketone bodies the energy they need in order to be considered an alternate energy source

A
  • 2 acetyl coa molecules combine to form acetoacetic acid
  • this is then converted to beta hydroxybutyric acid and acetone
38
Q

What organs prefer to use acetoacetic acid as a source of energy, ATP? why?

A

heart and kidney
- pulls down the blood pH

39
Q

where does ketogenesis occur

A

liver cells

40
Q

what is the common state of blood ketone levels

A

very low

41
Q

ketoacidosis

A

high ketone levels resulting in a very very low blood pH

42
Q

When fast/starving and on a low fat/high carb diet what is the result

A

excess beta oxidation and ketone production

Exercise Science 276 (5 decks)

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