Unit 1 Introduction to Physiology Flashcards
Differentiate between anatomy and physiology
anatomy is the study of body structures and physiology is the study of the functions of those structures
Basic life processes
metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction
Homeostasis
the bod’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment
what influences homeostasis? How is it reached?
internal stimuli: blood pressure, pH
external stimuli: temperature and pain
- reached through feedback loops
Negative feedback Loop
a response that reverses the original stimulus example: blood pressure
Positive feedback loop
a response that enhances the original stimulus example: childbirth
What are the main parts of the cell?
plasma membrane, nucleus, lysosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm
the plasma membrane
- flexible
- sturdy
- semipermeable
- fluid model/sea of lipids
Cytoplasm
- cytosol: water and dissolved particles
- organelles: listed above
Phospholipids
- bilayer forms the membrane
- head: polar, hydrophilic
- fatty acid tails: non polar, hydrophobic
Nucleus
- dna, genes/chromosomes
- RBC: NONE
- Skeletal muscle: MANY
- most cells: one
Mitochondria
- power house of the cell
- self replicating
- cellular respiration and oxidation to produce ATP
- many in skeletal muscle
Lysosomes
- enzymes break down proteins, RNA/DNA and carbohydrates
- irregular shape and not present in all cells
- if membrane ruptures, cortisone stabilizes it
Golgi apparatus
package, sort and process proteins
- secretory cells
- flattened sacs
- modify proteins in the ER
Endoplasmic Reticulum
transport center
Rough ER
- studded by ribosomes
- protein synthesis
Smooth ER
Glycogen and steroid synthesis and storage
Anti
against
auto
self
baro
pressure
endo
inside
exo
outside
gluco
glucose
hyper
above/increased
hypo
below/decreased
inter
between
intra
within/inside
iso
same
lipo
fat
syn/sym
together/joined
tachy
fast
trans
across
vaso
blood vessel
- ase
enzyme breakdown
-genesis
building
-lysis
breaking
